{"id":54876,"date":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-12-04T05:51:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/resume-scientifique\/smoking-and-exposure-to-environmental-tobacco-smoke-decrease\/"},"modified":"2018-12-04T06:51:38","modified_gmt":"2018-12-04T05:51:38","slug":"smoking-and-exposure-to-environmental-tobacco-smoke-decrease","status":"publish","type":"resume","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/resume-scientifique\/smoking-and-exposure-to-environmental-tobacco-smoke-decrease\/","title":{"rendered":"Smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke decrease some plasma antioxidants and increase gamma-tocopherol in vivo after adjustment for dietary antioxidant intakes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab\u00a0Background: Free radicals in cigarette smoke may cause oxidative damage to macromolecules, contributing to cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Decreased plasma antioxidant concentrations may indicate cigarette smoke-related oxidative stress.Objective: We compared the effects on plasma antioxidant concentrations in cotinine-confirmed active and passive smokers with those in nonsmokers, independent of differences in dietary intakes and other covariates.Design: Plasma samples from 83 smokers, 40 passive smokers, and 36 nonsmokers were analyzed for total ascorbic acid, alpha- and gamma-tocopherols, 5 carotenoids, retinol, and cotinine. Groups were compared by using analysis of variance with adjustment for sex, age, race, body mass index, alcohol intake, triacylglycerol concentration, fruit and vegetable intakes, and dietary antioxidants.Results: After adjustment for dietary antioxidant intakes and other covariates, smokers and passive smokers had significantly lower plasma P-carotene concentrations than did nonsmokers (0.15, 0.17, and 0.24 mumol\/L, respectively) and significantly higher gamma-tocopherol concentrations (7.8, 7.8, and 6.5 mumol\/L, respectively). Smokers had significantly lower plasma ascorbic acid and beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations than did nonsmokers and passive smokers (ascorbic acid: 43.6, 54.5, and 54.6 mumol\/L, respectively; beta-cryptoxanthin: 0.12, 0.16, and 0.16 mumol\/L, respectively) and significantly lower concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin than did nonsmokers (0.33 compared with 0.41 mumol\/L). The P values for all the differences described above were &lt; 0.05. No significant differences in plasma concentrations of a-tocopherol, a-carotene, total carotenoids, lycopene, or retinol were observed.Conclusions: These results indicate that cigarette smokers and nonsmokers exposed to cigarette smoke have a significantly lower plasma antioxidant status than do unexposed nonsmokers, independent of differences in dietary antioxidant intakes. Further research is required to explain why plasma ?-tocopherol concentrations were significantly higher in smokers and passive smokers than in nonsmokers.&quot;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","mots_cles":[],"class_list":["post-54876","resume","type-resume","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"adresse":"\"BLOCK G,UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH;140 WARREN HALL; BERKELEY CA 94720, USA. mdietric@uclink.berkeley.edu\"","annee":"2003","mois":"1","numero":"77:1","page":"160-166","auteurs":[{"ID":12357,"post_author":"0","post_date":"2018-12-03 18:45:36","post_date_gmt":"2018-12-03 17:45:36","post_content":"","post_title":"Gladys Block","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"gladys-block","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2018-12-03 18:45:36","post_modified_gmt":"2018-12-03 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05:02:09","post_content":"","post_title":"Norkus","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"norkus","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2018-12-04 06:02:09","post_modified_gmt":"2018-12-04 05:02:09","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/auteur\/norkus\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"auteur_resume","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":52401,"post_author":"0","post_date":"2018-12-04 06:02:10","post_date_gmt":"2018-12-04 05:02:10","post_content":"","post_title":"Packer","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"packer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2018-12-04 06:02:10","post_modified_gmt":"2018-12-04 05:02:10","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/auteur\/packer\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"auteur_resume","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":52402,"post_author":"0","post_date":"2018-12-04 06:02:10","post_date_gmt":"2018-12-04 05:02:10","post_content":"","post_title":"Dietrich","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dietrich-4","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2018-12-04 06:02:10","post_modified_gmt":"2018-12-04 05:02:10","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/auteur\/dietrich-4\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"auteur_resume","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":23209,"post_author":"0","post_date":"2018-12-03 21:20:48","post_date_gmt":"2018-12-03 20:20:48","post_content":"","post_title":"Mark Hudes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mark-hudes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2018-12-03 21:20:48","post_modified_gmt":"2018-12-03 20:20:48","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/auteur\/mark-hudes\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"auteur_resume","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":54875,"post_author":"0","post_date":"2018-12-04 06:51:38","post_date_gmt":"2018-12-04 05:51:38","post_content":"","post_title":"Traber","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"traber","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2018-12-04 06:51:38","post_modified_gmt":"2018-12-04 05:51:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/auteur\/traber\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"auteur_resume","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"sources":[{"ID":44192,"post_author":"0","post_date":"2018-12-04 03:19:18","post_date_gmt":"2018-12-04 02:19:18","post_content":"","post_title":"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"american-journal-of-clinical-nutrition","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2018-12-04 03:19:18","post_modified_gmt":"2018-12-04 02:19:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/source\/american-journal-of-clinical-nutrition\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"source","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.6 (Yoast 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