{"id":69304,"date":"2020-01-16T15:58:19","date_gmt":"2020-01-16T14:58:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=article_revue&p=69304"},"modified":"2020-01-16T16:26:24","modified_gmt":"2020-01-16T15:26:24","slug":"69304","status":"publish","type":"article_revue","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-revue-equation-nutrition\/69304\/","title":{"rendered":"Quand le r\u00e9gime m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en r\u00e9duit les risques d\u2019asthme et d\u2019allergies chez les enfants"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019alimentation a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment reconnue comme un facteur de risque potentiel d\u2019asthme et d\u2019allergies, bien que les donn\u00e9es \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques disponibles demeurent contradictoires. R\u00e9cemment, nous avons d\u00e9montr\u00e9 un effet b\u00e9n\u00e9fique sur l\u2019asthme et la rhinite, des fruits, l\u00e9gumes et noix consomm\u00e9s habituellement et de la forte adh\u00e9rence au r\u00e9gime m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en durant l\u2019enfance.<\/p>\n

Une enqu\u00eate men\u00e9e en Cr\u00eate sur pr\u00e8s de 700 enfants<\/h2>\n

Cette enqu\u00eat\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e en Gr\u00e8ce en 2001, dans quatre zones rurales de la Cr\u00e8te. Et a port\u00e9 sur 690 enfants d\u2019\u00e2ge scolaire (7 \u00e0 18 ans). Les parents \u00e9taient invit\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 un questionnaire portant sur les sympt\u00f4mes respiratoires et allergiques de l\u2019enfant, les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents familiaux d\u2019allergie, le rang de naissance, le nombre total d\u2019enfants, le niveau d\u2019\u00e9ducation et la profession des parents. La consommation alimentaire habituelle des enfants a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9e par un questionnaire de fr\u00e9quence de consommation totalisant 58 aliments.<\/p>\n

Le respect du r\u00e9gime m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en traditionnel a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9 par l\u2019indice KIDMED (un indice de qualit\u00e9 du r\u00e9gime m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en \u00e9labor\u00e9 pour \u00e9valuer les comportements alimentaires d\u2019une population d\u2019enfants Espagnols). Cet indice qui varie de 0 \u00e0 10 est stratifi\u00e9 selon trois cat\u00e9gories : 1) \u2265 6, r\u00e9gime m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en optimal ; 2) 4 \u00e0 5, r\u00e9gime m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en de qualit\u00e9 moyenne ; 3) \u2264 3, r\u00e9gime m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en pauvre.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en prot\u00e8ge surtout de la rhinite allergique<\/h2>\n

La pr\u00e9valence des sibilants et de signes de rhinite \u00e9tait respectivement de 16,8 % et 18,7 %. Si on ajoute l\u2019atopie, les pr\u00e9valences de sibilants et de rhinite \u00e9taient de 5,4 % et 6,7 % respectivement.<\/p>\n

Sur le plan des consommations alimentaires, 80 % des enfants mangent des fruits frais et 68 % des l\u00e9gumes, au moins deux fois par jour.<\/p>\n

La consommation quotidienne de raisins, oranges, pommes et tomates fra\u00eeches aurait un effet b\u00e9n\u00e9fique sur les sibilants.<\/p>\n

Il existerait une corr\u00e9lation n\u00e9gative entre la consommation quotidienne de raisin et les manifestations courantes de rhinite allergique et de rhinite allergique saisonni\u00e8re, apr\u00e8s ajustement pour les facteurs confondants.<\/p>\n

La consommation de noix plus de trois fois par semaine \u00e9tait inversement associ\u00e9e avec les sibilants, alors que celle de margarine aggraverait les sympt\u00f4mes d\u2019asthme et de rhinite allergique.<\/p>\n

Selon l\u2019indice KIDMED, les enfants \u00e9taient 27,9 % \u00e0 suivre un r\u00e9gime m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en de pauvre qualit\u00e9, 43,8 % de qualit\u00e9 interm\u00e9diaire et 28,3 % de haute qualit\u00e9. On a not\u00e9 qu\u2019un fort respect du r\u00e9gime m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en prot\u00e9geait de la rhinite allergique tandis qu\u2019une protection plus modeste \u00e9tait observ\u00e9e pour les sibilants et l\u2019atopie.<\/p>\n

Les effets b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques des fruits, des l\u00e9gumes et des noix<\/h2>\n

Au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, la pr\u00e9valence de l\u2019asthme et des allergies a augment\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on dramatique, les plus fortes incidences se retrouvant chez les enfants. Des \u00e9tudes \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques et immunologiques sugg\u00e8rent que des modifications ou des suppl\u00e9ments alimentaires pourraient r\u00e9duire le d\u00e9veloppement des maladies allergiques.<\/p>\n

Les fruits et l\u00e9gumes sont de riches sources de vitamines antioxydantes, comme les vitamines C, E, les carot\u00e9no\u00efdes et d\u2019autres antioxydants comme le s\u00e9l\u00e9nium et les flavono\u00efdes, tous sens\u00e9s r\u00e9duire l\u2019inflammation des voies a\u00e9riennes en prot\u00e9geant les cellules contre les attaques oxydatives endog\u00e8nes et exog\u00e8nes.<\/p>\n

Les noix sont tr\u00e8s riches en vitamine E qui, en interrompant la cha\u00eene de peroxidation lipidique, repr\u00e9sentent la principale ligne de d\u00e9fense de l\u2019organisme contre les dommages oxydatifs membranaires induits par les radicaux libres.<\/p>\n

D\u2019un autre cot\u00e9, la margarine est une source importante d\u2019acides gras polyinsatur\u00e9s om\u00e9ga-6 qui induisent la formation de prostaglandines augmentant la probabilit\u00e9 de sensibilisation atopique, d\u2019asthme et de maladie atopique.<\/p>\n

Un bon mod\u00e8le pour l\u2019\u00e9tude de l\u2019asthme<\/h2>\n

Un mod\u00e8le alimentaire comme le r\u00e9gime m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en, dont les diff\u00e9rents composants ont des effets cumulatifs et interactifs, est le reflet de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences alimentaires bien r\u00e9elles dans diff\u00e9rentes parties du monde. Il est particuli\u00e8rement adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019analyse de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie de l\u2019asthme o\u00f9 de nombreux composants alimentaires peuvent \u00eatre impliqu\u00e9s. Les r\u00e9sultats de notre \u00e9tude montrent que l\u2019effet protecteur du r\u00e9gime m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en sur les signes de rhinite ou d\u2019asthme chez les enfants est le r\u00e9sultat d\u2019une forte exposition \u00e0 de nombreux compos\u00e9s antioxydants exer\u00e7ant des effets b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques sur les l\u00e9sions oxydatives du tissu pulmonaire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-69304","article_revue","type-article_revue","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"auteur":[{"ID":69165,"post_author":"22","post_date":"2019-12-13 15:51:22","post_date_gmt":"2019-12-13 14:51:22","post_content":"","post_title":"Leda Chatzi","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"leda-chatzi","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2019-12-13 15:51:22","post_modified_gmt":"2019-12-13 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Bibakis","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ioannis-bibakis","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-01-16 15:46:13","post_modified_gmt":"2020-01-16 14:46:13","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/?post_type=auteur_revue&p=69298","menu_order":0,"post_type":"auteur_revue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":69299,"post_author":"22","post_date":"2020-01-16 15:47:10","post_date_gmt":"2020-01-16 14:47:10","post_content":"","post_title":"Isabel Skypala","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"isabel-skypala","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-01-16 15:47:10","post_modified_gmt":"2020-01-16 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14:49:03","post_content":"","post_title":"Nikolaos Tzanakis","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nikolaos-tzanakis","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-01-16 15:49:03","post_modified_gmt":"2020-01-16 14:49:03","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/?post_type=auteur_revue&p=69301","menu_order":0,"post_type":"auteur_revue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":69302,"post_author":"22","post_date":"2020-01-16 15:49:52","post_date_gmt":"2020-01-16 14:49:52","post_content":"","post_title":"Manolis Kogevinas","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manolis-kogevinas","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-01-16 15:49:52","post_modified_gmt":"2020-01-16 14:49:52","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/?post_type=auteur_revue&p=69302","menu_order":0,"post_type":"auteur_revue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":69303,"post_author":"22","post_date":"2020-01-16 15:50:38","post_date_gmt":"2020-01-16 14:50:38","post_content":"","post_title":"Paul Cullinan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"paul-cullinan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-01-16 15:50:38","post_modified_gmt":"2020-01-16 14:50:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/?post_type=auteur_revue&p=69303","menu_order":0,"post_type":"auteur_revue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"source":"","revue":[{"ID":69294,"post_author":"22","post_date":"2020-01-16 15:43:49","post_date_gmt":"2020-01-16 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