{"id":67014,"date":"2019-07-03T08:56:00","date_gmt":"2019-07-03T06:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=article_revue&p=67014"},"modified":"2021-06-28T16:02:53","modified_gmt":"2021-06-28T14:02:53","slug":"alimentation-et-bien-etre-des-beneficiaires-daides-sociales-de-50-a-65-ans","status":"publish","type":"article_revue","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-revue-equation-nutrition\/alimentation-et-bien-etre-des-beneficiaires-daides-sociales-de-50-a-65-ans\/","title":{"rendered":"Alimentation et bien-\u00eatre des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires d\u2019aides sociales de 50 \u00e0 65 ans"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les jeunes seniors b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires d\u2019aides sociales de 50 \u00e0 65 ans, peu enqu\u00eat\u00e9s en France, sont au coeur d\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de sant\u00e91 du fait de leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 sociale 1,2<\/sup>. L\u2019objectif de cette \u00e9tude pilote multir\u00e9gionale d\u2018observation est de caract\u00e9riser la population b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire d\u2019aides sociales (BAS) et celle non b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire (t\u00e9moin). Les habitudes de vie saines et les aspects de bien-\u00eatre entre les deux populations sont \u00e9galement compar\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Le projet Nutriaccess<\/h2>\n

Cette \u00e9tude s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre du projet Nutriaccess (de janvier \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 2016). Cette enqu\u00eate transversale a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s d\u2019un \u00e9chantillon de population constitu\u00e9 de 188 sujets, r\u00e9parti en 2 groupes (BAS : 80 et t\u00e9moins : 108). Ceux-ci ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recrut\u00e9s par les associations d\u2019aides alimentaires pour les BAS et sur le Salon de l\u2019Agriculture pour les t\u00e9moins. Les donn\u00e9es sur le niveau de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9, les habitudes alimentaires et la qualit\u00e9 de vie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recueillies gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un questionnaire approfondi (de 110 questions), bas\u00e9 sur le questionnaire valid\u00e9 de Bien-\u00eatre et ALImentation 3<\/sup>. Les r\u00e9pondants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accompagn\u00e9s pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du questionnaire. L\u2019analyse statistique a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e avec le logiciel SPSS.<\/p>\n

Les caract\u00e9ristiques des jeunes seniors de 50 \u00e0 65 ans BAS<\/h2>\n

Les BAS sont davantage repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par la cat\u00e9gorie socio-professionnelle des ouvriers que des cadres (16,4 % et 3,0% vs 10,5% et 43,2% pour les t\u00e9moins). Ils sont \u00e0 61,2% sans emploi (20,7% pour les t\u00e9moins), ont \u00e0 93,8% un niveau de dipl\u00f4me inf\u00e9rieur au bac + 3 (51,1% pour les t\u00e9moins) et sont plus isol\u00e9s (55,4% vs 22,1%).<\/p>\n

Concernant les habitudes de vie, le tabagisme est beaucoup plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 chez les BAS, \u00e0 42,9% contre 9,6% pour les t\u00e9moins. La proportion d\u2019individus ob\u00e8ses est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e chez les BAS (29,9% vs 16,7%) alors que celle d\u2019individus en surpoids est plus faible (22,4% vs 34,4%).<\/p>\n

Des habitudes de vie moins saines<\/h2>\n

Pour les habitudes de consommation, 70,5% de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon BAS sautent des repas de temps en temps contre 24,9% pour l\u2019\u00e9chantillon t\u00e9moin. 55% de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon BAS consomment des l\u00e9gumes au moins 5 ou 6 fois par semaine contre 74% pour l\u2019\u00e9chantillon t\u00e9moin. Les pourcentages sont respectivement de 43,6% et 71,9% pour une consommation de fruits d\u2019au moins 5 ou 6 fois par semaine. Pour faciliter l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation, un score \u00ab habitudes de vie saines \u00bb(SVS) a \u00e9t\u00e9 calcul\u00e9 selon 3 cat\u00e9gories (faible, moyen, \u00e9lev\u00e9). Il regroupe 5 items dont le tabagisme et l\u2019activit\u00e9 physique, pour un score maximum de 8 (correspondant aux habitudes de vie les plus saines).<\/p>\n

Le SVS moyen (exprim\u00e9 en moyenne \u00b1\u00e9cart type) est significativement plus faible pour les BAS, 4,1\u00b1 1,6 contre 5,9 \u00b1 1,6 pour l\u2019\u00e9chantillon t\u00e9moin. A l\u2019inverse des t\u00e9moins, la cat\u00e9gorie score faible est plus repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e que la cat\u00e9gorie score \u00e9lev\u00e9e chez les BAS (36,4% ont un score faible et 6,1% un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 alors que 9,3% des t\u00e9moins ont un score faible et 40,7% un score \u00e9lev\u00e9).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Un \u00e9tat inf\u00e9rieur de bien \u00eatre<\/h2>\n

Concernant le bien-\u00eatre, deux scores ont \u00e9t\u00e9 calcul\u00e9s en 3 cat\u00e9gories (faible, moyen, \u00e9lev\u00e9). Le premier est un score de bien-\u00eatre de comportement alimentaire (SBCA) calcul\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de 14 items (dont le fait de prendre son temps pour manger et de manger en compagnie), avec un score maximum de 56. Le SBCA moyen (\u00b1\u00e9cart type) est significativement plus faible au seuil de 5%, pour les BAS, 39,2 \u00b1 7,1 contre 41,5 \u00b1 6,3 pour l\u2019\u00e9chantillon t\u00e9moin. De nouveau, la cat\u00e9gorie score faible est plus repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e que la cat\u00e9gorie score \u00e9lev\u00e9e chez les BAS (31,8% ont un score faible et 16,7% un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 alors que 17,6% des t\u00e9moins ont un score faible et 20,9% un score \u00e9lev\u00e9).<\/p>\n

Le second est un score de bien-\u00eatre de qualit\u00e9 alimentaire (SBQA) calcul\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de 5 items dont les aliments enrichis (par exemple en om\u00e9ga 3, en calcium etc.) et les plats tous pr\u00eats, avec un score maximum de 20. Le SBQA moyen (\u00b1\u00e9cart type) est significativement plus faible au seuil de 5%, pour les BAS, 9,1 \u00b1 3,3 contre 11,5 \u00b1 2,6 pour l\u2019\u00e9chantillon t\u00e9moin. La cat\u00e9gorie score faible est \u00e9galement plus repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e que la cat\u00e9gorie score \u00e9lev\u00e9e chez les BAS (39,4% ont un score faible et 13,6% un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 alors que 12,1% des t\u00e9moins ont un score faible et 31,9% un score \u00e9lev\u00e9).<\/p>\n

Un manque d\u2019\u00e9tudes dans le domaine<\/h2>\n

Aucune \u00e9tude n\u2019a actuellement travaill\u00e9 sur le lien entre bien-\u00eatre, alimentation et situation de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9. Cependant, nos r\u00e9sultats rejoignent les travaux de Cavaillet et coll.1 qui par leur m\u00e9ta-analyse ont permis de d\u00e9finir le comportement alimentaire des personnes en situation de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 (fr\u00e9quences de consommation de fruits et l\u00e9gumes, choix de la quantit\u00e9 plut\u00f4t que la qualit\u00e9, etc.) et de mettre en avant les restrictions alimentaires de cette population. De m\u00eame, on retrouve dans nos r\u00e9sultats, les causes et cons\u00e9quences de la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9, qui ont pu \u00eatre identifi\u00e9es dans leur \u00e9tude, comme le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne d\u2019isolement ou les habitudes de vie n\u00e9fastes qui peuvent engendrer l\u2019apparition de maladies chroniques comme l\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

En conclusion, cette \u00e9tude montre qu\u2019il existe des diff\u00e9rences significatives entre les jeunes seniors de 50 \u00e0 65 ans BAS et t\u00e9moins. Les BAS poss\u00e8dent des habitudes de vie moins saines et un \u00e9tat de bien-\u00eatre plus bas. Ces r\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9liminaires permettent d\u2019entrevoir de nouvelles perspectives d\u2019interventions (ateliers d\u2019\u00e9ducation nutritionnelle au sein des banques alimentaires, \u00e9tudes cliniques etc.) pour cette population encore peu \u00e9tudi\u00e9e et dans une p\u00e9riode d\u00e9cisive. Les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9tude sont \u00e0 nuancer par le fait que le recrutement de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon t\u00e9moin peut s\u2019av\u00e9rer non repr\u00e9sentatif de la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. De m\u00eame, le choix des items inclus dans les scores de bien-\u00eatre est subjectif et le questionnaire reste complexe pour la population pr\u00e9caire. La validation du questionnaire (avec modifications de celui-ci) ainsi que le recrutement de plus de t\u00e9moins et de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires serait une voie d\u2019am\u00e9lioration.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9thodologie des scores SVS, SBCA, SBQA : En suivant la m\u00e9thodologie utilis\u00e9e pour le questionnaire Well-BFq3, des dimensions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finies, regroupant un ou plusieurs items correspondant \u00e0 des questions (tabagisme, consommation de fruits, IMC etc.). Ces items ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cod\u00e9s de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re afin que la somme permette de calculer le score (le codage a \u00e9t\u00e9 invers\u00e9 pour les items \u00ab n\u00e9gatifs \u00bb comme la consommation de tabac).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-67014","article_revue","type-article_revue","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"auteur":[{"ID":67008,"post_author":"22","post_date":"2019-07-03 08:48:43","post_date_gmt":"2019-07-03 06:48:43","post_content":"","post_title":"Marine Morfaux","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"m-morfaux","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-10-19 17:03:29","post_modified_gmt":"2020-10-19 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    \n
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Appetite, volume 96, p. 333-346<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n"},"yoast_head":"\nAlimentation et bien-\u00eatre des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires d\u2019aides sociales de 50 \u00e0 65 ans<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les jeunes seniors b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires d\u2019aides sociales de 50 \u00e0 65 ans, peu enqu\u00eat\u00e9s en France, sont au coeur d\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de sant\u00e9 du fait de leur vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 sociale.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-revue-equation-nutrition\/alimentation-et-bien-etre-des-beneficiaires-daides-sociales-de-50-a-65-ans\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Alimentation et bien-\u00eatre des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires d\u2019aides sociales de 50 \u00e0 65 ans 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