Effects of acute and longer-term dietary restriction on upper gut motility, hormone, appetite, and energy-intake responses to duodenal lipid in lean and obese men.

Auteur(s) :
Seimon RV., Taylor P., Little TJ., Noakes M., Standfield S., Clifton PM., Horowitz M., Feinle-bisset C.
Date :
Nov, 2013
Source(s) :
The American journal of clinical nutrition., Am J Clin Nutr.. # p
Adresse :
University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia (RVS, TJL, SS, MH, and CF-B); the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide, Australia (RVS, TJL, MN, SS, PMC, MH, and CF-B); the Commomwealth Science and Industry Research Organisation Animal, Food and Health Science, Adelaide, Australia (PT and MN); and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia (PMC).

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BACKGROUND
A 4-d 70% energy restriction enhances gastrointestinal sensitivity to nutrients associated with enhanced energy-intake suppression by lipid. To our knowledge, it is unknown whether these changes occur with 30% energy restriction and are sustained in the longer term.

OBJECTIVE
We hypothesized that 1) a 4-d 30% energy restriction would enhance effects of intraduodenal lipid on gastrointestinal motility, gut hormones, appetite, and energy intake in lean and obese men and 2) a 12-wk energy restriction associated with weight-loss would diminish effects of acute energy restriction on responses to lipid in in obese men.

METHODS
Twelve obese males were studied before (day 0) and after 4 d (day 5), 4 wk (week 4), and 12 wk (week 12), and 12 lean males were studied before and after 4 d of consumption of a 30% energy-restricted diet. On each study day, antropyloroduodenal pressures, gut hormones, and appetite during a 120-min (2.86-kcal/min) intraduodenal lipid infusion and energy intake at a buffet lunch were measured.

RESULTS
On day 5, fasting cholecystokinin was less, and ghrelin was higher, in lean (P < 0.05) but not obese men, and lipid-stimulated cholecystokinin and peptide YY and the desire to eat were greater in both groups (P < 0.05), with no differences in energy intakes compared with on day 0. In obese men, a 12-wk energy restriction led to weight loss (9.7 ± 0.7 kg). Lipid-induced basal pyloric pressures (BPPs), peptide-YY, and the desire to eat were greater (P < 0.05), whereas the amount eaten was less (P < 0.05), at weeks 4 and 12 compared with day 0.

CONCLUSIONS
A 4-d 30% energy restriction modestly affects responses to intraduodenal lipid in health and obesity but not energy intake, whereas a 12-wk energy restriction, associated with weight-loss, enhances lipid-induced BPP and peptide YY and reduces food intake, suggesting that energy restriction increases gastrointestinal sensitivity to lipid.

Source : Pubmed
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