{"id":81076,"date":"2019-03-28T11:29:11","date_gmt":"2019-03-28T10:29:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fiche-nutritionnelle\/poire\/"},"modified":"2022-07-01T17:58:32","modified_gmt":"2022-07-01T15:58:32","slug":"pear","status":"publish","type":"fiche_nutritionnelle","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/nutritional-sheet\/pear\/","title":{"rendered":"Pear (Conference)"},"featured_media":100288,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"tags":[12643,12647,12648,12640,12642],"class_list":["post-81076","fiche_nutritionnelle","type-fiche_nutritionnelle","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-fibres-en","tag-fruit-en","tag-glucides-en","tag-mineraux-en","tag-vitamines-en"],"acf":{"liste_composants_en_avant":["eau","glucides","fibres","vitamine-b9","cuivre","polyphenols-totaux"],"image_fond":{"ID":72009,"id":72009,"title":"Poire-Williams_Visuel","filename":"Poire-Williams_Visuel.jpg","filesize":72589,"url":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Poire-Williams_Visuel.jpg","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/nutritional-sheet\/williams-pear\/attachment\/poire-williams_visuel-2\/","alt":"Poires Williams calories valeur nutritionnelle - Aprifel","author":"5","description":"","caption":"","name":"poire-williams_visuel-2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":81078,"date":"2020-07-07 15:39:02","modified":"2021-06-15 08:27:30","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1140,"height":380,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Poire-Williams_Visuel-200x200.jpg","thumbnail-width":200,"thumbnail-height":200,"medium":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Poire-Williams_Visuel-300x100.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":100,"medium_large":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Poire-Williams_Visuel-768x256.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":256,"large":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Poire-Williams_Visuel.jpg","large-width":1140,"large-height":380,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Poire-Williams_Visuel.jpg","1536x1536-width":1140,"1536x1536-height":380,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Poire-Williams_Visuel.jpg","2048x2048-width":1140,"2048x2048-height":380,"wall":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Poire-Williams_Visuel-376x380.jpg","wall-width":376,"wall-height":380,"document":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Poire-Williams_Visuel-200x100.jpg","document-width":200,"document-height":100,"list":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Poire-Williams_Visuel-160x110.jpg","list-width":160,"list-height":110,"sow-carousel-default":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Poire-Williams_Visuel-272x182.jpg","sow-carousel-default-width":272,"sow-carousel-default-height":182}},"type_aliment":"Fruit","printemps":false,"ete":false,"automne":true,"hiver":true,"nutriscore":"A","description":"<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conference pear belongs to the <\/span><b><i>Rosaceae <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">family, genus <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pyrus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, species <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">communis <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24699266\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chagn\u00e9, 2014<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Originally from Asia, the pear tree has been established in Europe since time immemorial. Today, more than 2,000 varieties are listed, including the Conference pear, a winter fruit born in 1885 (Centre national de pomologie d&#8217;Al\u00e8s, 2010).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>PHYSICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pear tree flowers are <\/span><b>white <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to whitish-pink with <\/span><b>five petals <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and are often mistaken for apple tree flowers. In the autumn, the edible fruit, 6.5 to 10 cm long, ripen to a green to brown colour (Andreu, 2008). The pear is harvested when its skin becomes dark green to light green in colour (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24082266\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nath, 2012<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Like avocados or kiwis, it needs a few days after harvest to ripen (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16968877\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Murayama, 2006<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fructose is responsible for the &#8220;<\/span><b>sweet<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8221; taste of the Conference pear, followed by sucrose and glucose. It has been shown that, compared to the core, the pulp of this type of pear is higher in fructose (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/338305401_Spatial_distribution_of_flavor_components_and_antioxidants_in_the_flesh_of_'Conference'_pears_and_its_relationship_with_postharvest_pathogens_susceptibility\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Torregrosa, 2020<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). The impact of sugar is affected by the juiciness of the fruit: the juicier the fruit, the sweeter the taste (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Acidity-and-sweetness-in-apple-and-pear-Visser-Schaap\/b33eb9b6c132c8ad63e8260b394ea76f2df11bb9\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Visser, 1968<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A study conducted on Japanese pears, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pyrifolia <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">species, showed that there is more <\/span><b>titric acid <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">but <\/span><b>less total sugars <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the core compared to the pulp. At the ripening stage, the <\/span><b>citric acid <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">content is 17 times higher in the core compared to the pulp (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27688055\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gao, 2016)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>COMPOSITION CHARACTERISTICS (excluding macronutrients, vitamins and minerals)<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Their high <\/span><b>fibre <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">concentration probably explains the <\/span><b>laxative properties of <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pears and their effect on <\/span><b>gut health <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26663955\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reiland, 2015<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When stored under low oxygen or carbon dioxide conditions, Conference pears may develop brown spots due to <\/span><b>oxidation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of their phenolic compounds and eventually cavities in the core of the fruit (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223035696_Metabolic_profiling_of_'Conference'_pears_under_low_oxygen_stress\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pedreschi, 2009<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Numerous deposits of <\/span><b>tannins <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">belonging to the polyphenol family have been observed within the Conference pear. It has been found that a high content of these tannin compounds, possessing <\/span><b>bactericidal activity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, seem to improve fruit preservation (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24327806\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Konarska, 2013<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Flavonoids<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, phenolic compounds, contribute to the colour and photoprotection of Conference pears, and may also provide defence mechanisms against microorganisms (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23582642\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vrancken, 2013<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Studies conducted using 10 pear genotypes, growing in the Ardahan region (Turkey), showed that due to the high levels of antioxidants, it is suggested to consume this fruit with its skin (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13102818.2015.1095654\">Abaci, 2015<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","references":"<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Abaci ZT, Sevindik E, Ayvaz M. Comparative study of bioactive components inpear genotypes from Ardahan\/Turkey. Biotechnology &amp;Biotechnological Equipment. 2015. 30(1): 36-43<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Agence nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire de l\u2019alimentation, de l\u2019environnement et du travail. Table de composition nutritionnelle des aliments Ciqual 2020. Consult\u00e9e le 17\/08\/2020 depuis le site internet Ciqual <a href=\"https:\/\/ciqual.anses.fr\/\">https:\/\/ciqual.anses.fr\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Andreu MG, Friedman MH, Northrop RJ. 2008. Pyruscommunis, common pear [en ligne]. [consult\u00e9 le 19\/02\/2020]. Disponible \u00e0 l\u2019adresse : https:\/\/www.growables.org\/information\/LowChillFruit\/documents\/PyrusCommunisCommonPear.pdf.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Centre National de Pomologie d\u2019Ales, Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Agriculture. 2010. fiche_poire.pdf [en ligne]. [consult\u00e9 le 19\/02\/2020]. R\u00e9alis\u00e9 pour la direction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019alimentation dans le cadre d\u2019un fruit \u00e0 la r\u00e9cr\u00e9ation. Disponible \u00e0 l\u2019adresse : https:\/\/agriculture.gouv.fr\/sites\/minagri\/files\/documents\/pdf\/fche_poire.pdf.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Chagn\u00e9 D, Crowhurst RN, Pindo M. The draft genome sequence of European pear (Pyrus communis L. \u2018Bartlett\u2019). PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e92644.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Gao Z, Zhang C, Luo M, Wu Y, Duan S, Li J, Wang L, Song S, Xu W, Wang S, Zhang C, Ma C. Proteomic analysis of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) ripening process provides new evidence for the sugar\/acid metabolism difference between core and mesocarp. Proteomics. 2016 Dec;16(23):3025-41.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Konarska A. The Relationship between the Morphology and Structure and the Quality of Fruits of Two Pear Cultivars (Pyrus communis L.) during Their Development and Maturation. The Scientific World Journal. 2013;2013(1):1-13.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Murayama H, Sekine D, Yamauchi Y, Gao M, Mitsuhashi W, Toyomasu T. Effect of Girdling above the Abscission Zone of Fruit on \u201cBartlett\u201d Pear Ripening on the Tree. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2006;57(14):3679\u201186.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Nath A, Deka BC, Singh A, Patel RK, Paul D, Misra LK, Ojha H. Extension of shelf life of pear fruits using different packaging materials. J Food Sci Technol. 2012 Oct;49(5):556-63.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Neveu V, Perez-Jim\u00e9nez J, Vos F, Crespy V, du Chaffaut L, Mennen L, Knox C, Eisner R, Cruz J, Wishart D, Scalbert A. (2010) Phenol-Explorer: an online comprehensive database on polyphenol contents in foods. Database, doi: 10.1093\/database\/bap024. Full text (free access)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Pedreschi R, Franck C, Lammertyn J, Erban A, Kopka J, Hertog M, Verlinden B, Nicola\u00ef B. Metabolic profiling of \u2018Conference\u2019 pears under low oxygen stress. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 2009;51(2):123-30.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Reiland H, Slavin J. Systematic Review of Pears and Health. Nutr Today. 2015;50(6):301\u201305.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">R\u00e8glement (CE) N\u00b0 1924\/2006 du Parlement europ\u00e9en et du Conseil du 20 d\u00e9cembre 2006 concernant les all\u00e9gations nutritionnelles et de sant\u00e9 portant sur les denr\u00e9es alimentaires.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">R\u00e8glement (UE) N\u00b0432\/2012 de la Commission du 16 mai 2012 \u00e9tablissant une liste des all\u00e9gations de sant\u00e9 autoris\u00e9es portant sur les denr\u00e9es alimentaires, autres que celles faisant r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction du risque de maladie ainsi qu\u2019au d\u00e9veloppement et \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 infantiles.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">R\u00e8glement (UE) n\u00b01169\/2011 du Parlement europ\u00e9en et du Conseil du 25 octobre 2011 concernant l\u2019information des consommateurs sur les denr\u00e9es alimentaires, modifiant les r\u00e8glements (CE) n\u00b01924\/2006 et (CE) n\u00b01925\/2006 du Parlement europ\u00e9en et de Conseil et abrogeant la directive 87\/250\/CEE de la Commission, la directive 90\/496\/CEE du Conseil, la directive 1999\/10\/CE de la Commission, la directive 200\/13\/CE du Parlement europ\u00e9en et du Conseil, les directives 2002\/67\/CE et 2008\/5\/CE de la Commission et le r\u00e8glement (CE) n\u00b0608\/2004 de la Commission.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Torregrosa L, Echeverria G, Illa J, Torres R, Gin\u00e9-Bordonaba J. Spatial distribution of flavor components and antioxidants in the flesh of \u2018Conference\u2019 pears and its relationship with postharvest pathogens susceptibility. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 2020;159(1):111004<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Tu\u011fba Abac\u0131 Z, Sevindik E, Ayvaz M. Comparative study of bioactive components in pear genotypes from Ardahan\/Turkey. Biotechnology &amp; Biotechnological Equipment. 2016;30(1):36-43.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Visser T, Schaap AA, De Vries DP. Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear. Euphytica. 1968;17(1):153-67.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Vrancken K, Holtappels M, Schoofs H, Deckers T, Treutter D, Valcke R. Erwinia amylovora affects the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid pathway in mature leaves of Pyrus Communis cv. Conf\u00e9rence. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2013;72(1):134\u201144.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","acides_organiques":{"acides_organiques_g":"0","acides_organiques_vnr":"0","acides_organiques_min":"0","acides_organiques_max":"0"},"autre_polyphenols":{"autre_polyphenols_g":"0","autre_polyphenols_vnr":"0","autre_polyphenols_min":"0","autre_polyphenols_max":"0"},"liste_articles":false,"elements_rattaches":[{"lien_interne_ou_externe":"non","lien_interne":null,"lien_externe_groupe":{"titre":"Poire : Guide RHD (Ctifl)","lien":"https:\/\/guiderhd.ctifl.fr\/fiche\/fruits\/poire"}},{"lien_interne_ou_externe":"non","lien_interne":null,"lien_externe_groupe":{"titre":"La poire : production, vari\u00e9t\u00e9s, conservation, recettes (Interfel)","lien":"https:\/\/www.lesfruitsetlegumesfrais.com\/fruits-legumes\/fruits-a-pepins\/poire"}},{"lien_interne_ou_externe":"oui","lien_interne":{"title":"Que nous apportent les fruits et l\u00e9gumes ? ","url":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/dossier\/nutriments-fruit-legumes\/","target":""},"lien_externe_groupe":{"titre":"","lien":""}}],"modes_cuisson":[{"titre_mode_cuisson":"Raw","composition_analyse_nutritionnelles":"<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The following values are approximate and depend on variety, season, ripeness, cultivation conditions, etc. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The average Conference pear provides <\/span><b>53.10 calories (kcal) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">per 100 g, i.e. <\/span><b>223 kJ<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. A Conference pear weighs on average 120 g, representing an energy contribution of 64.92 kcal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COMPOSITION TABLES <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For each nutrient, the tables provide information on the content, minimum and maximum values, as well as the percentage of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/anc-bnm-vnr-definitions\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dietary Reference Values <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(DRVs) for 100 g net of raw Conference pear, without skin (except the polyphenols table which concerns unknown pear varieties, without skin).<\/span><\/p>\n","macronutriments":"<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"single-card-tabs\">\n\t<ul class=\"nav nav-tabs visible-xs visible-sm visible-md visible-lg no-bullet\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\" class=\"active\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#macronutrients-values\" aria-controls=\"macronutrients-values\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tValues\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#macronutrients-sources\" aria-controls=\"macronutrients-sources\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tSources\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tab-content\">\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"macronutrients-values\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tConstituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(g)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAverage content\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMin-Max<br\/>per 100g\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t% VNR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane\" id=\"macronutrients-sources\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">Constituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(g)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Amount<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Min-Max<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">% VNR<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.td-src {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhite-space: normal !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h5>Zoom on carbohydrates<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conference pears also contain a significant amount of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/les-glucides\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">carbohydrates <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(11.40 g per 100 g), slightly above the average for this macronutrient in fresh fruit (11.31 g per 100 g).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These are mainly fructose (6.60 g per 100 g), sorbitol (1.80 g per 100 g), sucrose (1.60 g per 100 g) and glucose (1.20 g per 100 g).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Zoom on fibres<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Conference pear is a <\/span><span style=\"color: #7dba2f;\"><b>source of fibre* <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as it provides more than 3 g of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/fibres\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fibre <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">per 100 g of fruit, i.e. 3.10 g per 100 g.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This amount is higher than the average quantity found in fresh fruit (2.77 g per 100 g).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Zoom on lipids<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Conference pear<\/span><b> is<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/les-lipides\/\"><b>fat-free* <\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as it contains less than 0.5 g of fat per 100 g.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*Regulation (EC) No 1924\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods.<\/span><\/p>\n","vitamines":"<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"single-card-tabs\">\n\t<ul class=\"nav nav-tabs visible-xs visible-sm visible-md visible-lg no-bullet\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\" class=\"active\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#vitamins-values\" aria-controls=\"vitamins-values\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tValues\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#vitamins-sources\" aria-controls=\"vitamins-sources\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tSources\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tab-content\">\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"vitamins-values\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tConstituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAverage content\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMin-Max<br\/>per 100g\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t% VNR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane\" id=\"vitamins-sources\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">Constituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Amount<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Min-Max<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">% VNR<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.td-src {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhite-space: normal !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h5>Zoom on vitamins<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Conference pear provides a significant amount of <\/span><b>vitamin B9<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In fact, it contains the equivalent of 6.30% of DRVs, i.e. 12.60 \u00b5g per 100 g.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The quantity of other vitamins represents less than 2% of DRVs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*Calculation made: Beta Carotene \/ 6 + retinol\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","mineraux-et-oligo-elements":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"single-card-tabs\">\n\t<ul class=\"nav nav-tabs visible-xs visible-sm visible-md visible-lg no-bullet\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\" class=\"active\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#minerals-and-trace-elements-values\" aria-controls=\"minerals-and-trace-elements-values\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tValues\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#minerals-and-trace-elements-sources\" aria-controls=\"minerals-and-trace-elements-sources\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tSources\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tab-content\">\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"minerals-and-trace-elements-values\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tConstituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAverage content\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMin-Max<br\/>per 100g\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t% VNR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane\" id=\"minerals-and-trace-elements-sources\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">Constituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Amount<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Min-Max<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">% VNR<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.td-src {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhite-space: normal !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<h5>Zoom on minerals and trace elements<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Conference pear provides:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5% of DRVs for copper, i.e. 0.05 mg per 100 g;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4.95% of DRVs for potassium, i.e. 99 mg per 100 g.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The amount of other <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/mineraux\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">minerals <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and trace elements represents less than 2% of DRVs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","polyphenols":"<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"single-card-tabs\">\n\t<ul class=\"nav nav-tabs visible-xs visible-sm visible-md visible-lg no-bullet\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\" class=\"active\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#polyphenols-values\" aria-controls=\"polyphenols-values\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tValues\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#polyphenols-sources\" aria-controls=\"polyphenols-sources\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tSources\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tab-content\">\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"polyphenols-values\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tConstituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(g)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAverage content\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMin-Max<br\/>per 100g\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane\" id=\"polyphenols-sources\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">Constituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(g)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Amount<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Min-Max<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.td-src {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhite-space: normal !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h5>Zoom on polyphenols (unknown varieties of pears analysed, without skin)<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Polyphenols are substances with an antioxidant effect.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hydroxycinnamic acids, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which are<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">part of the phenolic acids, are predominantly present in pear composites, representing 42.07% of the total polyphenols identified.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next come <\/span><b>flavanols<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which are part of the flavonoids (41.11% of total polyphenols).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","allegations_nutritionnelles":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the definitions of nutrition claims as set out in Regulation (EC) No 1924\/2006 on nutrition and health claims, and in view of the composition of the Conference pear, the following nutrition claims may be used:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>NUTRITION CLAIMS OF CONFERENCE PEARS (raw, without skin)<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fat-free <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(100 g of Conference pears contain less than 0.5 g of fat)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><span style=\"color: #7dba2f;\">Source of fibre<\/span> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(100 g of pears provide more than 3 g of fibre)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","energie_kcalories":{"energie_kcalories_quantite":"","energie_kcalories_quantite_source":"","energie_kcalories_quantite_visible":"oui","energie_kcalories_min":"","energie_kcalories_max":"","energie_kcalories_min_max_source":"","energie_kcalories_min_max_visible":"oui"},"energie_kjoule":{"energie_kjoule_quantite":"","energie_kjoule_quantite_source":"","energie_kjoule_quantite_visible":"oui","energie_kjoule_min":"","energie_kjoule_max":"","energie_kjoule_min_max_source":"","energie_kjoule_min_max_visible":"oui"},"eau":{"eau_quantite":"","eau_quantite_source":"","eau_quantite_visible":"oui","eau_min":"","eau_max":"","eau_min_max_source":"","eau_min_max_visible":"oui","eau_vnr_source":"","eau_vnr_visible":"oui"},"proteines":{"proteines_quantite":"","proteines_quantite_source":"","proteines_quantite_visible":"oui","proteines_min":"","proteines_max":"","proteines_min_max_source":"","proteines_min_max_visible":"oui","proteines_vnr_source":"","proteines_vnr_visible":"oui"},"lipides":{"lipides_quantite":"","lipides_quantite_source":"","lipides_quantite_visible":"oui","lipides_min":"","lipides_max":"","lipides_min_max_source":"","lipides_min_max_visible":"oui","lipides_vnr_source":"","lipides_vnr_visible":"oui"},"acides_gras_satures":{"acides_gras_satures_quantite":"","acides_gras_satures_quantite_source":"","acides_gras_satures_quantite_visible":"oui","acides_gras_satures_min":"","acides_gras_satures_max":"","acides_gras_satures_min_max_source":"","acides_gras_satures_min_max_visible":"oui","acides_gras_satures_vnr_source":"","acides_gras_satures_vnr_visible":"oui"},"glucides":{"glucides_quantite":"","glucides_quantite_source":"","glucides_quantite_visible":"oui","glucides_min":"","glucides_max":"","glucides_min_max_source":"","glucides_min_max_visible":"oui","glucides_vnr_source":"","glucides_vnr_visible":"oui"},"sucre":{"sucre_quantite":"","sucre_quantite_source":"","sucre_quantite_visible":"oui","sucre_min":"","sucre_max":"","sucre_min_max_source":"","sucre_min_max_visible":"oui","sucre_vnr_source":"","sucre_vnr_visible":"oui"},"fibres":{"fibres_quantite":"","fibres_quantite_source":"","fibres_quantite_visible":"oui","fibres_min":"","fibres_max":"","fibres_min_max_source":"","fibres_min_max_visible":"oui","fibres_vnr_source":"","fibres_vnr_visible":"oui"},"provitamine_a_beta_carotene":{"provitamine_a_beta_carotene_quantite":"","provitamine_a_beta_carotene_quantite_source":"","provitamine_a_beta_carotene_quantite_visible":"oui","provitamine_a_beta_carotene_min":"","provitamine_a_beta_carotene_max":"","provitamine_a_beta_carotene_min_max_source":"","provitamine_a_beta_carotene_min_max_visible":"oui","provitamine_a_beta_carotene_vnr_source":"","provitamine_a_beta_carotene_vnr_visible":"oui"},"vitamine_a":{"vitamine_a_quantite":"","vitamine_a_quantite_source":"","vitamine_a_quantite_visible":"oui","vitamine_a_min":"","vitamine_a_max":"","vitamine_a_min_max_source":"","vitamine_a_min_max_visible":"oui","vitamine_a_vnr_source":"","vitamine_a_vnr_visible":"oui"},"vitamine_b1":{"vitamine_b1_quantite":"","vitamine_b1_quantite_source":"","vitamine_b1_quantite_visible":"oui","vitamine_b1_min":"","vitamine_b1_max":"","vitamine_b1_min_max_source":"","vitamine_b1_min_max_visible":"oui","vitamine_b1_vnr_source":"","vitamine_b1_vnr_visible":"oui"},"vitamine_b2":{"vitamine_b2_quantite":"","vitamine_b2_quantite_source":"","vitamine_b2_quantite_visible":"oui","vitamine_b2_min":"","vitamine_b2_max":"","vitamine_b2_min_max_source":"","vitamine_b2_min_max_visible":"oui","vitamine_b2_vnr_source":"","vitamine_b2_vnr_visible":"oui"},"vitamine_b3":{"vitamine_b3_quantite":"","vitamine_b3_quantite_source":"","vitamine_b3_quantite_visible":"oui","vitamine_b3_min":"","vitamine_b3_max":"","vitamine_b3_min_max_source":"","vitamine_b3_min_max_visible":"oui","vitamine_b3_vnr_source":"","vitamine_b3_vnr_visible":"oui"},"vitamine_b5":{"vitamine_b5_quantite":"","vitamine_b5_quantite_source":"","vitamine_b5_quantite_visible":"oui","vitamine_b5_min":"","vitamine_b5_max":"","vitamine_b5_min_max_source":"","vitamine_b5_min_max_visible":"oui","vitamine_b5_vnr_source":"","vitamine_b5_vnr_visible":"oui"},"vitamine_b6":{"vitamine_b6_quantite":"","vitamine_b6_quantite_source":"","vitamine_b6_quantite_visible":"oui","vitamine_b6_min":"","vitamine_b6_max":"","vitamine_b6_min_max_source":"","vitamine_b6_min_max_visible":"oui","vitamine_b6_vnr_source":"","vitamine_b6_vnr_visible":"oui"},"vitamine_b9":{"vitamine_b9_quantite":"","vitamine_b9_quantite_source":"","vitamine_b9_quantite_visible":"oui","vitamine_b9_min":"","vitamine_b9_max":"","vitamine_b9_min_max_source":"","vitamine_b9_min_max_visible":"oui","vitamine_b9_vnr_source":"","vitamine_b9_vnr_visible":"oui"},"vitamine_c":{"vitamine_c_quantite":"","vitamine_c_quantite_source":"","vitamine_c_quantite_visible":"oui","vitamine_c_min":"","vitamine_c_max":"","vitamine_c_min_max_source":"","vitamine_c_min_max_visible":"oui","vitamine_c_vnr_source":"","vitamine_c_vnr_visible":"oui"},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