{"id":80948,"date":"2019-04-02T15:17:01","date_gmt":"2019-04-02T13:17:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fiche-nutritionnelle\/raisin-noir\/"},"modified":"2022-07-06T17:39:56","modified_gmt":"2022-07-06T15:39:56","slug":"black-grapes","status":"publish","type":"fiche_nutritionnelle","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/nutritional-sheet\/black-grapes\/","title":{"rendered":"Grapes (black)"},"featured_media":100330,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"tags":[12643,12647,12648,12640,12642],"class_list":["post-80948","fiche_nutritionnelle","type-fiche_nutritionnelle","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-fibres-en","tag-fruit-en","tag-glucides-en","tag-mineraux-en","tag-vitamines-en"],"acf":{"liste_composants_en_avant":["eau","glucides","fibres","cuivre","potassium","polyphenols-totaux"],"image_fond":{"ID":63173,"id":63173,"title":"fond-raisin-noir","filename":"fond-raisin-noir.jpg","filesize":136011,"url":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-raisin-noir.jpg","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/nutritional-sheet\/black-grapes\/attachment\/fond-raisin-noir-2\/","alt":"Valeur nutritionnelle raisin noir - Aprifel","author":"22","description":"","caption":"","name":"fond-raisin-noir-2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":80948,"date":"2019-02-12 15:17:58","modified":"2021-04-27 13:39:54","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1140,"height":380,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-raisin-noir-200x200.jpg","thumbnail-width":200,"thumbnail-height":200,"medium":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-raisin-noir-300x100.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":100,"medium_large":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-raisin-noir-768x256.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":256,"large":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-raisin-noir.jpg","large-width":1140,"large-height":380,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-raisin-noir.jpg","1536x1536-width":1140,"1536x1536-height":380,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-raisin-noir.jpg","2048x2048-width":1140,"2048x2048-height":380,"wall":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-raisin-noir-376x380.jpg","wall-width":376,"wall-height":380,"document":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-raisin-noir-200x100.jpg","document-width":200,"document-height":100,"list":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-raisin-noir-160x110.jpg","list-width":160,"list-height":110,"sow-carousel-default":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-raisin-noir-272x182.jpg","sow-carousel-default-width":272,"sow-carousel-default-height":182}},"type_aliment":"Fruit","printemps":false,"ete":true,"automne":true,"hiver":false,"nutriscore":"A","description":"<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The grape (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vitis vinifera<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) belongs to the Vitaceae family.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With an estimated global area of over 7 million hectares, it is one of the <\/span><b>most widely grown <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fruits <\/span><b>in the world <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#home\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FAOSTAT, 2019<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>PHYSICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grapes are rich in <\/span><b>polyphenols <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/novapublishers.com\/shop\/grapes-production-phenolic-composition-and-potential-biomedical-effects\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perestrelo, 2014<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25225771\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rodriguez-Casado, 2016<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20386657\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Xia, 2010<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). These play an important role in the quality of the grape especially due to their contribution to <\/span><b>taste <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>colour<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Flavonols <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>flavan-3-ols <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contribute to <\/span><b>the astringency <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>bitterness <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of grapes (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11101467\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drewnowski, 2000<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black grapes owe their more or less dark <\/span><b>red colour <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to <\/span><b>anthocyanins, and <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in particular to <\/span><b>malvidin-3-O-glucoside<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This compound is mostly present in the skin and its contents increase strongly with ripeness (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12864-016-2660-z\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wong, 2016<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/26471534\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ferreira, 2016<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30563177\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Iglesias-Carres, 2018<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28946307\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aubert, 2018<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grapes are mainly appreciated by consumers for their <\/span><b>sweetness<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>juiciness <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>aroma<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Aroma is one of the key factors contributing to the quality of the grape, and generally the typical aroma of the so-called <\/span><b>Muscat <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">varieties is highly appreciated by consumers. Unlike neutral varieties which contain few volatile aroma compounds, Muscat varieties are rich in <\/span><b>monoterpenols <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(linalool, geraniol, nerol, etc.), compounds responsible for their characteristic <\/span><b>floral aroma <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10905735\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mateo, 2000<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>COMPOSITION CHARACTERISTICS (excluding macronutrients, vitamins and minerals)<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to their high levels of <\/span><b>phytomicronutrients <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(carotenoids, polyphenols, etc.), many studies have shown that regular consumption of grapes is linked to a <\/span><b>reduced risk of developing chronic diseases, including some types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/1934578X0900400502\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Iriti, 2009<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24007424\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yang, 2013<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29042289\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Costa, 2017<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Polyphenol composition of black grapes:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The majority <\/span><b>polyphenols are anthocyanins<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, followed by <\/span><b>hydroxycinnamic acids <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>flavan-3-ols <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30563177\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Iglesias-Carres, 2018<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28946307\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aubert, 2018<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Among other compounds <\/span><b>catechin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>epicatechin <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(flavan-3-ols) and <\/span><b>caftaric acid <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(hydroxycinnamic acid) are the most <\/span><b>abundant <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30563177\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Iglesias-Carres, 2018<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/26471534\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ferreira, 2016<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28946307\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aubert, 2018<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If polyphenolic compounds are generally present in the skin of grapes, <\/span><b>hydroxycinnamic acids <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are mainly located in the <\/span><b>pulp <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>flavan-3-ols <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the <\/span><b>seeds <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/AGR\/ADL87031976\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cheynier, 1986<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26776043\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Farhadi, 2016<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black grapes also contain <\/span><b>stilbenes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In particular, <\/span><b>trans-resveratrol <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and its glucoside derivative, <\/span><b>piceid<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, compounds that are well known for their <\/span><b>biological effects on health due to their antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antitumour properties, among others <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/novapublishers.com\/shop\/grapes-production-phenolic-composition-and-potential-biomedical-effects\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perestrelo, 2014<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1756464615003023\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shahidi, 2015<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20386657\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Xia, 2010<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black grapes generally contain <\/span><b>more trans-resveratrol than white grapes <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/jf8017707\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gatto, 2008<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). A recent study showed that the <\/span><b>Alphonse Lavall\u00e9e variety <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">had <\/span><b>levels 9 to 14 times higher than those observed in some white or pink varieties <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28946307\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aubert, 2018<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black grapes also contain <\/span><b>carotenoids<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the most abundant of which are \u03b2-carotene and lutein (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bmcchem.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1752-153X-6-66\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bunea, 2012<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30100449\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guti\u00e9rrez-Gamboa, 2018<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28946307\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aubert, 2018<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recent studies have also shown that <\/span><b>monoterpenols<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, present in grapes (and in particular in Muscat varieties) also possess various <\/span><b>pharmacological <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">properties including <\/span><b>antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer and antispasmodic activity <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16837902\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Karkabounas, 2006<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/novapublishers.com\/shop\/grapes-production-phenolic-composition-and-potential-biomedical-effects\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perestrelo, 2014<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21969877\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thoppil, 2011<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/p>\n","references":"<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Agence nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire de l\u2019alimentation, de l\u2019environnement et du travail. Table de composition nutritionnelle des aliments Ciqual 2020. Consult\u00e9e le 24\/07\/2020 depuis le site internet Ciqual <a href=\"https:\/\/ciqual.anses.fr\/\">https:\/\/ciqual.anses.fr\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Aubert C, &amp; Chalot G. Chemical composition, bioactive compounds, and volatiles of six table grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.). <em>Food chemistry.<\/em> 2018; 240:524-33.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Bunea CI, Pop N, Babe\u015f AC, Matea C, Dulf FV &amp; Bunea A. Carotenoids, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of grapes (Vitis vinifera) cultivated in organic and conventional systems. <em>Chemistry Central Journal<\/em>. 2012;6(1):66.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Cheynier V, &amp; Rigaud J. HPLC separation and characterization of flavonols in the skins of Vitis vinifera var. Cinsault. <em>American Journal of Enology and Viticulture,<\/em> 1986;37(4):248\u201352.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Costa C, Tsatsakis A, Mamoulakis C, Teodoro M, Briguglio G, Caruso E, Tsoukalas D, Margina D, Dardiotis E, Kouretas D, Fenga C. Current evidence on the effect of dietary polyphenols intake on chronic diseases. <em>Food Chem Toxicol.<\/em> 2017;110:286-99.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Drewnowski A &amp; Gomez-Carneros C. Bitter taste, phytonutrients, and the consumer: a review. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2000;72(6):1424\u201335.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">FAOSTAT (2019). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [en ligne]. [consult\u00e9 le 20\/05\/2020]. Disponible \u00e0 l\u2019adresse : http:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#home.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Farhadi K, Esmaeilzadeh F, Hatami M, Forough M, Molaie R. Determination of phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity in skin, pulp, seed, cane and leaf of five native grape cultivars in West Azerbaijan province, Iran. <em>Food Chemistry<\/em>; 2016;199:847\u201355.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Ferreira V, Fernandes F, Pinto-Carnide O, Valent\u00e3o P, Falco V, Mart\u00edn JP, Castro, I. Identification of Vitis vinifera L. grape berry skin color mutants and polyphenolic profile. <em>Food Chemistry.<\/em> 2016;194:117-27.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Gatto P, Vrhovsek U, Muth J, Segala C, Romualdi C, Fontana P, Pruefer D, Stefanini M, Moser C, Mattivi F, et al. Ripening and genotype control stilbene accumulation in healthy grapes.<em> J. Agric. Food Chem<\/em>. 2008, 56, 11773\u201385.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Guti\u00e9rrez-Gamboa G, Mar\u00edn-San Rom\u00e1n S, Jofr\u00e9 V, Rubio-Bret\u00f3n P, P\u00e9rez-\u00c1lvarez EP, Garde-Cerd\u00e1n T. Effects on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in different grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) after nitrogen and elicitor foliar applications to the vineyard. <em>Food Chem.<\/em> 2018;269:380-6.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Iglesias-Carres L, Mas-Capdevila A, Sancho-Pardo L, Bravo FI, Mulero M, Muguerza B, Arola-Arnal A. Optimized Extraction by Response Surface Methodology Used for the Characterization and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds in Whole Red Grapes (Vitis vinifera). <em>Nutrients<\/em>. 2018;10(12).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Iriti M &amp; Faoro F. Bioactivity of grape chemicals for human health. <em>Natural Product Communications<\/em>, 2009:4(5), 1934578X0900400502.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Karkabounas S, Kostoula OK., Daskalou T, Veltsistas P, Karamouzis M, Zelovitis I, et al. Anticarcinogenic and antiplatelet effects of carvacrol. <em>Exp Oncol.<\/em> 2006;28(2):121\u20135.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Macheix JJ, Fleuriet A &amp; Sarni-Manchado P. (2005). Compos\u00e9s ph\u00e9noliques dans la plante-Structure, biosynthese, r\u00e9partition et r\u00f4les. Les polyph\u00e9nols en agroalimentaire. Tec and Doc Edition. Paris. pp, 133-141.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Mateo JJ &amp; Jim\u00e9nez M. Monoterpenes in grape juice and wines. <em>Journal of Chromatography A<\/em>. 2000;881(1):557\u201367.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Perestrelo R, Silva C, Pereira J &amp; C\u00e2mara JS. (2014). Healthy Effects of Bioactive Metabolites from Vitis vinifera L. Grapes: A Review. In Grapes: Production, Phenolic Composition and Potential Biomedical Effects (Nova Science Technology, pp. 305\u2013338. Jos\u00e9 S. C\u00e2mara.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">R\u00e8glement (CE) N\u00b0 1924\/2006 du Parlement europ\u00e9en et du Conseil du 20 d\u00e9cembre 2006 concernant les all\u00e9gations nutritionnelles et de sant\u00e9 portant sur les denr\u00e9es alimentaires.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">R\u00e8glement (UE) N\u00b0432\/2012 de la Commission du 16 mai 2012 \u00e9tablissant une liste des all\u00e9gations de sant\u00e9 autoris\u00e9es portant sur les denr\u00e9es alimentaires, autres que celles faisant r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction du risque de maladie ainsi qu\u2019au d\u00e9veloppement et \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 infantiles.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">R\u00e8glement (UE) n\u00b01169\/2011 du Parlement europ\u00e9en et du Conseil du 25 octobre 2011 concernant l\u2019information des consommateurs sur les denr\u00e9es alimentaires, modifiant les r\u00e8glements (CE) n\u00b01924\/2006 et (CE) n\u00b01925\/2006 du Parlement europ\u00e9en et de Conseil et abrogeant la directive 87\/250\/CEE de la Commission, la directive 90\/496\/CEE du Conseil, la directive 1999\/10\/CE de la Commission, la directive 200\/13\/CE du Parlement europ\u00e9en et du Conseil, les directives 2002\/67\/CE et 2008\/5\/CE de la Commission et le r\u00e8glement (CE) n\u00b0608\/2004 de la Commission.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Rodriguez-Casado A. The health potential of fruits and vegetables phytochemicals: notable examples. <em>Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition<\/em>. 2016;56(7):1097\u2013107.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Shahidi F &amp; Ambigaipalan P. Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects\u2013 A review. <em>Journal of Functional Foods.<\/em> 2015;18:820\u201397.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Thoppil RJ &amp; Bishayee A. Terpenoids as potential chemopreventive and therapeutic agents in liver cancer. <em>World J Hepatol<\/em>. 2011 ; 3(9):228\u201349.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Wong DC, Lopez Gutierrez R, Dimopoulos N, Gambetta GA, Castellarin SD. Combined physiological, transcriptome, and cis-regulatory element analyses indicate that key aspects of ripening, metabolism, and transcriptional program in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are differentially modulated accordingly to fruit size. <em>BMC Genomics<\/em>. 2016;17:416.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Xia EQ, Deng GF, Guo YJ &amp; Li HB. Biological activities of polyphenols from grapes.<em> International Journal of Molecular Sciences<\/em>. 2010;11(2):622\u201346.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Yang J &amp; Xiao YY. Grape phytochemicals and associated health benefits. <em>Critical reviews in food science and nutrition<\/em>. 2013;53(11):1202-25.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Zepeda B, Olmedo P, Ejsmentewicz T, Sep\u00falveda P, Balic I, Balladares C, Campos-Vargas R. Cell wall and metabolite composition of berries of Vitis vinifera (L.) cv. Thompson Seedless with different firmness. <em>Food Chemistry<\/em>. 2018 ;268 :492\u2013497<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","acides_organiques":{"acides_organiques_g":"2.35","acides_organiques_vnr":"999999","acides_organiques_min":"999999","acides_organiques_max":"999999"},"autre_polyphenols":{"autre_polyphenols_g":"0","autre_polyphenols_vnr":"0","autre_polyphenols_min":"0","autre_polyphenols_max":"0"},"liste_articles":false,"elements_rattaches":[{"lien_interne_ou_externe":"non","lien_interne":null,"lien_externe_groupe":{"titre":"Raisin : Guide RHD","lien":"https:\/\/guiderhd.ctifl.fr\/fiche\/fruits\/raisin"}},{"lien_interne_ou_externe":"non","lien_interne":{"title":"Que nous apportent les fruits et l\u00e9gumes ? ","url":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/dossier\/nutriments-fruit-legumes\/","target":""},"lien_externe_groupe":{"titre":"Le raisin : production, vari\u00e9t\u00e9s, conservation, recettes (Interfel)","lien":"https:\/\/www.lesfruitsetlegumesfrais.com\/fruits-legumes\/fruits-de-plantes-grimpantes\/raisin"}},{"lien_interne_ou_externe":"non","lien_interne":null,"lien_externe_groupe":{"titre":"Le raisin... Le territoire des sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9s","lien":"http:\/\/www.raisin-de-table.fr\/1.cfm?p=428-le-raisin-de-table-francais-fruits-et-legumes-de-saison"}},{"lien_interne_ou_externe":"oui","lien_interne":{"title":"Que nous apportent les fruits et l\u00e9gumes ? ","url":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/dossier\/nutriments-fruit-legumes\/","target":""},"lien_externe_groupe":{"titre":"","lien":""}}],"modes_cuisson":[{"titre_mode_cuisson":"Fresh","composition_analyse_nutritionnelles":"<p><em>The following values are approximate and depend on variety, season, ripeness, cultivation conditions, etc<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Black Muscat grapes provide an average of <strong>90.10 calories (kcal) per 100 g, i.e. 381 kJ.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>COMPOSITION TABLES<\/p>\n<p>For each nutrient, the tables provide information on the content, minimum and maximum values, as well as the percentage of the <a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/anc-bnm-vnr-definitions\/\">Dietary Reference Values (DRVs)<\/a> per 100 g net of Chasselas white grapes.<\/p>\n","macronutriments":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"single-card-tabs\">\n\t<ul class=\"nav nav-tabs visible-xs visible-sm visible-md visible-lg no-bullet\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\" class=\"active\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#macronutrients-values\" aria-controls=\"macronutrients-values\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tValues\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#macronutrients-sources\" aria-controls=\"macronutrients-sources\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tSources\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tab-content\">\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"macronutrients-values\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tConstituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(g)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAverage content\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMin-Max<br\/>per 100g\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t% VNR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane\" id=\"macronutrients-sources\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">Constituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(g)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Amount<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Min-Max<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">% VNR<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.td-src {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhite-space: normal !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<h5>Zoom on carbohydrates<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The energy of the black grape comes essentially from its <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/les-glucides\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">carbohydrates<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, up to 20 g per 100 g.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This amount is well above the average amount found in fresh fruit (11.31 g per 100 g).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These are mainly fructose (9.80 g per 100 g) and glucose (9.80 g per 100 g).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Zoom on fibres<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black grapes contain a significant amount of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/fibres\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fibre <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2.70 g per 100 g), but this is still slightly lower than the average quantity found in fresh fruit (2.77 g per 100 g).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Zoom on proteins<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Their <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/proteines\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">protein <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">content<\/span> <\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(0.69 g per 100 g) is lower than the average amount found in fresh fruit (0.93 g per 100 g).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Zoom on lipids<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black grapes are<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/les-lipides\/\"><b>fat-free* <\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as they contain less than 0.5 g of fat per 100 g<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">* Regulation (EC) No 1924\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","vitamines":"<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"single-card-tabs\">\n\t<ul class=\"nav nav-tabs visible-xs visible-sm visible-md visible-lg no-bullet\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\" class=\"active\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#vitamins-values\" aria-controls=\"vitamins-values\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tValues\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#vitamins-sources\" aria-controls=\"vitamins-sources\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tSources\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tab-content\">\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"vitamins-values\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tConstituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAverage content\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMin-Max<br\/>per 100g\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t% VNR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane\" id=\"vitamins-sources\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">Constituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Amount<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Min-Max<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">% VNR<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.td-src {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhite-space: normal !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h5>Zoom on vitamins<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black grapes provide the equivalent of:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8.25% of DRVs for vitamin E, i.e. 0.99 mg per 100 g;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7.60% of DRVs for vitamin K1, i.e. 5.70 \u00b5g per 100 g.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The quantity of other <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/vitamines\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vitamins <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">represents less than 6% of DRVs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*Calculation made: Beta Carotene \/ 6 + retinol<\/span><\/p>\n","mineraux-et-oligo-elements":"<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"single-card-tabs\">\n\t<ul class=\"nav nav-tabs visible-xs visible-sm visible-md visible-lg no-bullet\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\" class=\"active\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#minerals-and-trace-elements-values\" aria-controls=\"minerals-and-trace-elements-values\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tValues\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#minerals-and-trace-elements-sources\" aria-controls=\"minerals-and-trace-elements-sources\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tSources\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tab-content\">\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"minerals-and-trace-elements-values\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tConstituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAverage content\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMin-Max<br\/>per 100g\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t% VNR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane\" id=\"minerals-and-trace-elements-sources\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">Constituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Amount<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Min-Max<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">% VNR<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.td-src {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhite-space: normal !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h5>Zoom on minerals and trace elements<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black grapes contain a significant amount of <\/span><b>copper <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>potassium<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. They provide the equivalent of:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">12% of DRVs for copper, i.e. 0.12 mg per 100 g;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10.50% of DRVs for potassium, i.e. 210 mg per 100 g.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The amount of other <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/mineraux\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">minerals <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is less than 5% of DRVs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","polyphenols":"<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"single-card-tabs\">\n\t<ul class=\"nav nav-tabs visible-xs visible-sm visible-md visible-lg no-bullet\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\" class=\"active\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#polyphenols-values\" aria-controls=\"polyphenols-values\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tValues\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#polyphenols-sources\" aria-controls=\"polyphenols-sources\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tSources\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tab-content\">\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"polyphenols-values\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tConstituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(g)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAverage content\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMin-Max<br\/>per 100g\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane\" id=\"polyphenols-sources\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">Constituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(g)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Amount<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Min-Max<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.td-src {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhite-space: normal !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h5>Zoom on polyphenols<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Polyphenols are substances with an antioxidant effect.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Flavanols<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a subgroup of flavonoids, are predominantly present in black grape composites, representing about 44.76% of the total polyphenols identified.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next come <\/span><b>anthocyanins<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a subgroup of flavonoids, representing 33.12% of total polyphenols.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">The rest of the total polyphenols are represented by <b>hydroxycinnamic acids <\/b>(subgroup of phenolic acids) and <b>flavonols <\/b>(subgroup of flavonoids), with percentages of 15.83% and 6.26% respectively.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","allegations_nutritionnelles":"<p>According to the definitions of nutrition claims as set out in Regulation (EC) No 1924\/2006 on nutrition and health claims, and in view of the composition of the black Muscat grape, the following claim may be used:<\/p>\n<h3>Nutrition claim of black Muscat grapes :<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fat-free<\/strong> (100 g of black grapes contain less than 0.5 g of fat)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","energie_kcalories":{"energie_kcalories_quantite":"90,10","energie_kcalories_quantite_source":"","energie_kcalories_quantite_visible":"oui","energie_kcalories_min":"","energie_kcalories_max":"","energie_kcalories_min_max_source":"","energie_kcalories_min_max_visible":"oui"},"energie_kjoule":{"energie_kjoule_quantite":"381","energie_kjoule_quantite_source":"","energie_kjoule_quantite_visible":"oui","energie_kjoule_min":"","energie_kjoule_max":"","energie_kjoule_min_max_source":"","energie_kjoule_min_max_visible":"oui"},"eau":{"eau_quantite":"76,70","eau_quantite_source":"Ciqual 2020 (valeur issue des analyses Ciqual-Aprifel 2017)","eau_quantite_visible":"oui","eau_min":"-","eau_max":"-","eau_min_max_source":"Ciqual 2020","eau_min_max_visible":"oui","eau_vnr_source":"","eau_vnr_visible":"non"},"proteines":{"proteines_quantite":"0,69","proteines_quantite_source":"Ciqual 2020 (valeur issue des analyses Ciqual-Aprifel 2017)","proteines_quantite_visible":"oui","proteines_min":"NC","proteines_max":"0,70","proteines_min_max_source":"Ciqual 2020","proteines_min_max_visible":"oui","proteines_vnr_source":"R\u00e8glement (UE) N\u00b01169\/2011 du parlement Europ\u00e9en et du conseil du 25 octobre 2011","proteines_vnr_visible":"oui"},"lipides":{"lipides_quantite":"<0,50","lipides_quantite_source":"Ciqual 2020 (valeur issue des analyses Ciqual-Aprifel 2017)","lipides_quantite_visible":"oui","lipides_min":"-","lipides_max":"-","lipides_min_max_source":"Ciqual 2020","lipides_min_max_visible":"oui","lipides_vnr_source":"R\u00e8glement (UE) N\u00b01169\/2011 du parlement Europ\u00e9en et du conseil du 25 octobre 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2011","glucides_vnr_visible":"oui"},"sucre":{"sucre_quantite":"19,60","sucre_quantite_source":"Ciqual 2020 (valeur issue des analyses Ciqual-Aprifel 2017)","sucre_quantite_visible":"oui","sucre_min":"-","sucre_max":"-","sucre_min_max_source":"Ciqual 2020","sucre_min_max_visible":"oui","sucre_vnr_source":"R\u00e8glement (UE) N\u00b01169\/2011 du parlement Europ\u00e9en et du conseil du 25 octobre 2011","sucre_vnr_visible":"oui"},"fibres":{"fibres_quantite":"2,70","fibres_quantite_source":"Ciqual 2020 (valeur issue des analyses Ciqual-Aprifel 2017)","fibres_quantite_visible":"oui","fibres_min":"-","fibres_max":"-","fibres_min_max_source":"Ciqual 2020","fibres_min_max_visible":"oui","fibres_vnr_source":"","fibres_vnr_visible":"non"},"provitamine_a_beta_carotene":{"provitamine_a_beta_carotene_quantite":"67,70","provitamine_a_beta_carotene_quantite_source":"Ciqual 2020 (valeur issue des analyses Ciqual-Aprifel 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CTIFL-Aprifel 2017-2018 M\u00e9thode utilis\u00e9e : chromatographie","acides_phenoliques_quantite_visible":"oui","acides_phenoliques_min":"","acides_phenoliques_max":"","acides_phenoliques_min_max_source":"","acides_phenoliques_min_max_visible":"oui"},"acides_hydroxybenzoiques":{"acides_hydroxybenzoiques_quantite":"","acides_hydroxybenzoiques_quantite_source":"","acides_hydroxybenzoiques_quantite_visible":"oui","acides_hydroxybenzoiques_min":"","acides_hydroxybenzoiques_max":"","acides_hydroxybenzoiques_min_max_source":"","acides_hydroxybenzoiques_min_max_visible":"oui"},"acides_hydroxycinnamiques":{"acides_hydroxycinnamiques_quantite":"16,86","acides_hydroxycinnamiques_quantite_source":"Etude CTIFL-Aprifel 2017-2018 M\u00e9thode utilis\u00e9e : 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