{"id":80864,"date":"2019-03-21T11:47:56","date_gmt":"2019-03-21T10:47:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fiche-nutritionnelle\/kiwi\/"},"modified":"2022-06-29T17:29:05","modified_gmt":"2022-06-29T15:29:05","slug":"kiwi","status":"publish","type":"fiche_nutritionnelle","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/nutritional-sheet\/kiwi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kiwi"},"featured_media":100228,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"tags":[12643,12647,12648,12640,12642],"class_list":["post-80864","fiche_nutritionnelle","type-fiche_nutritionnelle","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-fibres-en","tag-fruit-en","tag-glucides-en","tag-mineraux-en","tag-vitamines-en"],"acf":{"liste_composants_en_avant":["eau","glucides","fibres","vitamine-c","vitamine-k1","cuivre"],"image_fond":{"ID":63091,"id":63091,"title":"fond-kiwi","filename":"fond-kiwi.jpg","filesize":141375,"url":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-kiwi.jpg","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/nutritional-sheet\/kiwi\/attachment\/fond-kiwi-2\/","alt":"Kiwi calories valeur  nutritionnelle - Aprifel","author":"22","description":"","caption":"","name":"fond-kiwi-2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":80864,"date":"2019-02-12 15:15:17","modified":"2021-03-25 17:48:51","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1140,"height":380,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-kiwi-200x200.jpg","thumbnail-width":200,"thumbnail-height":200,"medium":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-kiwi-300x100.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":100,"medium_large":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-kiwi-768x256.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":256,"large":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-kiwi.jpg","large-width":1140,"large-height":380,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-kiwi.jpg","1536x1536-width":1140,"1536x1536-height":380,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-kiwi.jpg","2048x2048-width":1140,"2048x2048-height":380,"wall":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-kiwi-376x380.jpg","wall-width":376,"wall-height":380,"document":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-kiwi-200x100.jpg","document-width":200,"document-height":100,"list":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-kiwi-160x110.jpg","list-width":160,"list-height":110,"sow-carousel-default":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/fond-kiwi-272x182.jpg","sow-carousel-default-width":272,"sow-carousel-default-height":182}},"type_aliment":"Fruit","printemps":true,"ete":false,"automne":true,"hiver":true,"nutriscore":"A","description":"<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The kiwi (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Actinidia deliciosa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) is a tree that belongs to the <\/span><b>Actinidiaceae <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">family.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a climbing plant native to China that is said to be dioecious (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18391441\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shirosaki, 2008<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), meaning that male and female flowers grow on separate feet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The &#8216;Hayward&#8217; cultivar (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Actinidia deliciosa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) is the most common, but there are many other cultivars with variations in colour, taste and nutritional properties (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17425948\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nishiyama, 2007<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>PHYSICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kiwifruit are most often <\/span><b>yellow or green in colour when ripe<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but some may have cores that are varying degrees of red (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.actahort.org\/books\/610\/610_13.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wang, 2003<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16302772\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Montefiori, 2005<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabdirect.org\/cabdirect\/abstract\/20123023223\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fergusson, 2011<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kiwifruit exhibit a wide range of colours due to the accumulation of chlorophyll, carotenoid (mostly beta-carotene and lutein) or anthocyanin pigments (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30067292\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ampomah-Dwamena, 2019<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>sugar\/acid balance of <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kiwifruit depends mainly on its citric acid content. These fruits have a high total acid content (1-3%), of which 40-60% is quinic acid, 40-60% is citric acid and 10% is malic acid (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32688660\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marsh, 2009<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Acid accumulation is a dynamic process: citrate accumulating throughout fruit development, but quinic acid accumulating mainly in young fruit (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-319-32274-2_14\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marsh, 2016<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To date, just over <\/span><b>80 volatile compounds <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have been identified in kiwifruit aroma. The main components are methyl ethyl butanoate, (Z)- and (E)-hexenal, hexanal, (Z)- and (E)-3-hexenol and methyl benzoate (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0924224411002445\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Garcia, 2012<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>aroma of ripe Hayward kiwifruit <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">has been described as <\/span><b>herbaceous and sulphurous with flavours of melon and sweet candy <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0925521410001845\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wang, 2011)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. As in melon, sulphur compounds in kiwifruit include thioesters such as methyl-2-(methylthio)acetate and ethyl(methylthio)acetate (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12207479\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jordan, 2002<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15237961\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aubert, 2004<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17032026\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aubert, 2006<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Studies have shown that aroma concentration decreases if the fruit is harvested after ripening and after a storage period of 3 months (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22936621\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Santoni, 2013<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Chinese study on 3 kiwifruit cultivars found 20 volatile compounds responsible for fruit aroma. Noteworthy differences were observed for three volatile compounds namely acetaldehyde, ethanol and furfural (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26922094\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zhang, 2016)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>COMPOSITION CHARACTERISTICS (excluding macronutrients, vitamins and minerals)<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kiwifruit is <\/span><b>rich in antioxidants <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">including <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/vitamines\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vitamin <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/vitamines\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vitamin <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E, carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, \u03b2-carotene, chlorophylls, quinic acid, glycosidic derivatives of caffeic acid, \u03b2-sitosterol, chlorogenic acid, and phenolic compounds including flavones and flavonones (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29470689\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Richardson, 2018<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to its contents of biologically active micronutrients, many studies have been conducted on kiwifruit and more specifically on the <\/span><b>antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of these compounds that are reported to prevent the onset of certain cardiovascular diseases, cancers and other degenerative disorders (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/nutritiontodayonline\/Abstract\/2012\/05000\/Kiwifruit__Overview_of_Potential_Health_Benefits.11.aspx\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Singletary, 2012<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29470689\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Richardson, 2018<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kiwifruit are also thought to exert <\/span><b>positive effects on digestion <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">due to their content of fibre and actinidin, a natural proteolytic enzyme unique to this fruit that breaks down proteins and aids gastric and ileal digestion, but also other phytochemicals that may stimulate intestinal motility <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29470689\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Richardson, 2018<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Rich in <b>polyphenols <\/b><span>and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/vitamines\/\"><span>vitamin <\/span><\/a><span>C, kiwifruit also has anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and cardiovascular protective properties (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31007652\/\"><span>Ma, 2019<\/span><\/a><span>).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","references":"<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Agence nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire de l\u2019alimentation, de l\u2019environnement et du travail. Table de composition nutritionnelle des aliments Ciqual 2020. Consult\u00e9e le 11\/08\/2020 depuis le site internet Ciqual https:\/\/ciqual.anses.fr\/<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Aubert C &amp; Bourger N. Investigation of volatiles in Charentais cantaloupe melons (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis). Characterization of aroma constituents in some cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2004;52(14):4522-4528.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Aubert C.&amp; Pitrat M. Volatile compounds in the skin and pulp of Queen Anne&#8217;s pocket melon. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2006;54(21):8177-8182.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Ampomah\u2010Dwamena C, Thrimawithana AH, Dejnoprat S, Lewis D, Espley RV, Allan AC. A kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) R2R3\u2010MYB transcription factor modulates chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation. The New Phytologist. 2019;221(1): 309\u2013325.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Ferguson AR. Kiwifruit: evolution of a crop. Acta Horticulturae. 2011;913:31\u201342.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Garcia CV, Quek SY, Stevenson RJ, &amp; Winz RA. Kiwifruit flavour: a review. Trends in Food Science &amp; Technology. 2012;24(2):82-91.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Jordan MJ, Margaria CA, Shaw PE, &amp; Goodner KL. Aroma active components in aqueous kiwi fruit essence and kiwi fruit puree by GC-MS and multidimensional GC\/GC-O. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2002;50:5386e5390.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Ma T, Lan T, Geng T, Ju Y, Cheng G, Que Z, et al. Nutritional properties and biological activities of kiwifruit (Actinidia) and kiwifruit products under simulated gastrointestinal in vitro digestion. Food &amp; Nutrition Research. 2019;63: 10.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Marsh KB, Boldingh HL, Shilton RS, Laing WA. Changes in quinic acid metabolism during fruit development in three kiwifruit species. Funct Plant Biol. 2009;36(5):463\u2013470<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Marsh KB, Harker FR. Acid Metabolism in Kiwifruit. In: The Kiwifruit Genome. Springer International Publishing : Testolin R, Huang H-W, Ferguson AR; 2016 ; 264 p.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Montefiori M, McGhie TK, Costa G, Ferguson AR. Pigments in the fruit of red-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia deliciosa). J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Nov 30;53(24):9526-30.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Nishiyama I. Fruits of the actinidia genus. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2007;52:293-324.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">R\u00e8glement (CE) N\u00b0 1924\/2006 du Parlement europ\u00e9en et du Conseil du 20 d\u00e9cembre 2006 concernant les all\u00e9gations nutritionnelles et de sant\u00e9 portant sur les denr\u00e9es alimentaires.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">R\u00e8glement (UE) N\u00b0432\/2012 de la Commission du 16 mai 2012 \u00e9tablissant une liste des all\u00e9gations de sant\u00e9 autoris\u00e9es portant sur les denr\u00e9es alimentaires, autres que celles faisant r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction du risque de maladie ainsi qu\u2019au d\u00e9veloppement et \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 infantiles.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">R\u00e8glement (UE) n\u00b01169\/2011 du Parlement europ\u00e9en et du Conseil du 25 octobre 2011 concernant l\u2019information des consommateurs sur les denr\u00e9es alimentaires, modifiant les r\u00e8glements (CE) n\u00b01924\/2006 et (CE) n\u00b01925\/2006 du Parlement europ\u00e9en et de Conseil et abrogeant la directive 87\/250\/CEE de la Commission, la directive 90\/496\/CEE du Conseil, la directive 1999\/10\/CE de la Commission, la directive 200\/13\/CE du Parlement europ\u00e9en et du Conseil, les directives 2002\/67\/CE et 2008\/5\/CE de la Commission et le r\u00e8glement (CE) n\u00b0608\/2004 de la Commission.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Richardson DP, Ansell J, Drummond LN. The nutritional and health attributes of kiwifruit: a review. European Journal of Nutrition 2018;57(8): 2659\u20132676.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Santoni F, Barboni T, Paolini J, Costa J. Influence of cultivation parameters on the composition of volatile compounds and physico-chemical characteristics of kiwi fruit. J Sci Food Agric. 2013 Feb;93(3):604-10.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Singletary K. Kiwifruit: overview of potential health benefits. Nutrition Today. 2012; 47(3):133-147.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Shirosaki M, Koyama T, Yazawa K. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of kiwifruit leaf (Actinidia deliciosa) in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2008;72(4):1099-102.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Wang M, Li M, and Meng A. Selection of a new red-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar \u2018Hongyang\u2019. Acta Hort. 2003 ;610:115-117<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Wang MY, MacRae E, Wohlers M, &amp; Marsh K. Changes in volatile production and sensory quality of kiwifruit during fruit maturation in Actinidia deliciosa \u2019Hayward\u2019 and A. chinensis \u2019Hort16A\u2019. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 2011;59:16e24.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Zhang C-Y, Zhang Q, Zhong C-H, Guo M-Q. Analysis of volatile compounds responsible for kiwifruit aroma by desiccated headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography. A. 2016;1440: 255\u2013259.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","acides_organiques":{"acides_organiques_g":"1.49","acides_organiques_vnr":"0","acides_organiques_min":"0","acides_organiques_max":"0"},"autre_polyphenols":{"autre_polyphenols_g":"0","autre_polyphenols_vnr":"0","autre_polyphenols_min":"0","autre_polyphenols_max":"0"},"liste_articles":false,"elements_rattaches":[{"lien_interne_ou_externe":"non","lien_interne":null,"lien_externe_groupe":{"titre":"Kiwi : Guide RHD (Ctifl)","lien":"https:\/\/guiderhd.ctifl.fr\/fiche\/fruits\/kiwi"}},{"lien_interne_ou_externe":"non","lien_interne":null,"lien_externe_groupe":{"titre":"Le kiwi : production, vari\u00e9t\u00e9s, conservation, recettes (Interfel)","lien":"https:\/\/www.lesfruitsetlegumesfrais.com\/fruits-legumes\/fruits-de-plantes-grimpantes\/kiwi"}},{"lien_interne_ou_externe":"oui","lien_interne":{"title":"Que nous apportent les fruits et l\u00e9gumes ? ","url":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/dossier\/nutriments-fruit-legumes\/","target":""},"lien_externe_groupe":{"titre":"","lien":""}},{"lien_interne_ou_externe":"non","lien_interne":null,"lien_externe_groupe":{"titre":"Les kiwis des producteurs fran\u00e7ais","lien":"https:\/\/www.lekiwidefrance.fr\/le-kiwi\/les-regions-de-production-du-kiwi-en-france\/"}}],"modes_cuisson":[{"titre_mode_cuisson":"Raw","composition_analyse_nutritionnelles":"<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The following values are approximate and depend on variety, season, ripeness, cultivation conditions, etc.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Kiwifruit provides an average of <\/span><b>60.50 calories (kcal) per 100 g, i.e. 255 kJ.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A kiwifruit weighs on average 100 g.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COMPOSITION TABLES<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For each nutrient, the tables provide information on the content, the minimum and maximum values and the percentage of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/anc-bnm-vnr-definitions\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dietary Reference Values <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(DRVs) for 100 g net of kiwi fruit, pulp and seeds, raw<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","macronutriments":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"single-card-tabs\">\n\t<ul class=\"nav nav-tabs visible-xs visible-sm visible-md visible-lg no-bullet\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\" class=\"active\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#macronutrients-values\" aria-controls=\"macronutrients-values\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tValues\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#macronutrients-sources\" aria-controls=\"macronutrients-sources\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tSources\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tab-content\">\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"macronutrients-values\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tConstituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(g)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAverage content\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMin-Max<br\/>per 100g\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t% VNR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane\" id=\"macronutrients-sources\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">Constituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(g)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Amount<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Min-Max<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">% VNR<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.td-src {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhite-space: normal !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<h5>Zoom on carbohydrates<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/les-glucides\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">carbohydrate <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">content of kiwifruit (11 g per 100 g) is slightly below the average amount found in fresh fruit: approximately 11.31 g per 100 g.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These are mainly fructose (4.30 g per 100 g), glucose (3.80 g per 100 g) and sucrose (0.80 g per 100 g).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Zoom on fibres<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kiwifruit contains 2.40 g of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/fibres\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fibre <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">per 100 g, which is slightly lower than the average content in fresh fruit (2.77 g per 100 g).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Zoom on proteins<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/proteines\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">protein <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">content of kiwi fruit (0.88 g per 100 g) is slightly lower than the average amount found in fresh fruit: 0.93 g per 100 g.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Zoom on lipids<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/les-lipides\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fat content <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of kiwifruit (0.60 g per 100 g) is almost identical to the average amount found in fresh fruit: 0.56 g per 100 g. Kiwifruit is therefore considered to be <\/span><b>low in fat* <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as it contains less than 3 g per 100 g.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*Regulation (EC) No 1924\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. <\/span><\/p>\n","vitamines":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"single-card-tabs\">\n\t<ul class=\"nav nav-tabs visible-xs visible-sm visible-md visible-lg no-bullet\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\" class=\"active\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#vitamins-values\" aria-controls=\"vitamins-values\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tValues\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#vitamins-sources\" aria-controls=\"vitamins-sources\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tSources\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tab-content\">\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"vitamins-values\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tConstituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAverage content\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMin-Max<br\/>per 100g\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t% VNR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane\" id=\"vitamins-sources\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">Constituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Amount<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Min-Max<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">% VNR<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.td-src {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhite-space: normal !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<h5>Zoom on vitamins<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kiwifruit is <\/span><b><span style=\"color: #f59a01;\">high in vitamin C<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as it provides the equivalent of 102.38% of DRVs, i.e. 81.90 mg per 100 g. Moreover, according to the Ciqual 2020 table, kiwifruit is the fruit with the highest vitamin C content after guava and blackcurrant.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is also a <\/span><b><span style=\"color: #7dba2f;\">source of vitamin K1<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as it provides the equivalent of 22.13% of DRVs, i.e. 16.60 \u00b5g per 100 g. After blueberries, kiwifruit is the fruit with the highest vitamin K1 content (Ciqual 2020 table).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kiwifruit also provides a significant amount of <\/span><b>vitamin B9, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as it represents 11.10% of DRVs, i.e. 22.20 \u00b5g per 100 g.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The other vitamins are present in quantities representing less than 9% of DRVs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*Calculation made: Beta Carotene \/ 6 + retinol<\/span><\/p>\n","mineraux-et-oligo-elements":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"single-card-tabs\">\n\t<ul class=\"nav nav-tabs visible-xs visible-sm visible-md visible-lg no-bullet\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\" class=\"active\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#minerals-and-trace-elements-values\" aria-controls=\"minerals-and-trace-elements-values\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tValues\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#minerals-and-trace-elements-sources\" aria-controls=\"minerals-and-trace-elements-sources\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tSources\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tab-content\">\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"minerals-and-trace-elements-values\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tConstituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAverage content\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMin-Max<br\/>per 100g\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t% VNR\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane\" id=\"minerals-and-trace-elements-sources\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">Constituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Amount<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Min-Max<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">% VNR<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.td-src {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhite-space: normal !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<h5>Zoom on minerals and trace elements<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kiwifruit is a <\/span><b><span style=\"color: #7dba2f;\">source of copper<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as it provides the equivalent of 15% of DRVs, i.e. 0.15 mg per 100 g. According to the Ciqual 2020 table, kiwi is one of the fruits with the highest copper content.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also contains a significant amount of <\/span><b>potassium<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as it provides the equivalent of 14.50% of DRVs, i.e. 290 mg per 100 g. Moreover, according to the Ciqual 2020 table, kiwifruit is one of the fruits with the highest potassium content.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The other <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/fr\/article-dossier\/mineraux\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">minerals <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and trace elements are present in quantities representing less than 5% of DRVs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","polyphenols":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"single-card-tabs\">\n\t<ul class=\"nav nav-tabs visible-xs visible-sm visible-md visible-lg no-bullet\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\" class=\"active\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#polyphenols-values\" aria-controls=\"polyphenols-values\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tValues\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li role=\"presentation\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#polyphenols-sources\" aria-controls=\"polyphenols-sources\" role=\"tab\" data-toggle=\"tab\" class=\"text-decoration-none\">\n\t\t\t\tSources\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tab-content\">\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"polyphenols-values\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tConstituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(g)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAverage content\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMin-Max<br\/>per 100g\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"tab-pane\" id=\"polyphenols-sources\">\n\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tab_component table\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"40%\">Constituent\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(g)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Amount<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<th width=\"20%\" class=\"text-center\">Min-Max<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.td-src {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhite-space: normal !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<h5>Zoom on polyphenols<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Polyphenols are substances with an antioxidant effect.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The polyphenols in kiwifruit are mainly in the form of <\/span><b>flavanols <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(63% of total polyphenols) from the flavonoid family.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","allegations_nutritionnelles":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the definitions of nutrition claims as presented in Regulation (EC) No 1924\/2006 on nutrition and health claims, and in view of the composition of kiwifruit, the following claims may be used:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>NUTRITION CLAIMS OF KIWIFRUIT<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><b>High in vitamin C <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(100 g of kiwifruit provide the equivalent of over 30% of DRVs)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><b>Source of vitamin K1 <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(100 g of kiwifruit provide the equivalent of more than 15% of DRVs)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\">Source of copper<\/span> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(100 g of kiwifruit provide the equivalent of more than 15% of DRVs)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kiwifruit is <\/span><b>low in fat* <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(less than 3 g per 100 g)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>HEALTH CLAIMS (for a consumption of 100 g of kiwifruit)<\/b><\/h3>\n<h5>Vitamin C<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vitamin C contributes to:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">normal function of the immune system during and after intense physical exercise,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">normal collagen formation for the normal function of blood vessels,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">normal collagen formation for the normal function of bones,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">normal collagen formation for the normal function of cartilage,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">normal collagen formation for the normal function of gums,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">normal collagen formation for the normal function of skin,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">normal collagen formation for the normal function of teeth,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">normal energy-yielding metabolism,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">normal functioning of the nervous system,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">normal psychological function,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">normal function of the immune system,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">protection of cells from oxidative stress,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reduction of tiredness and fatigue,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">regeneration of the reduced form of vitamin E.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vitamin C increases iron absorption.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Vitamin K1<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span 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