{"id":92900,"date":"2023-06-30T10:04:20","date_gmt":"2023-06-30T08:04:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=article_revue&p=92900"},"modified":"2023-07-04T12:11:19","modified_gmt":"2023-07-04T10:11:19","slug":"association-between-dietary-patterns-including-fruits-vegetables-incident-type-2-diabetes-in-uk-cohort","status":"publish","type":"article_revue","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/global-fv-newsletter-article\/association-between-dietary-patterns-including-fruits-vegetables-incident-type-2-diabetes-in-uk-cohort\/","title":{"rendered":"Association between dietary patterns including fruits & vegetables and incident type 2 diabetes in a UK cohort"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n Author<\/strong>\n
\n
\n Carmen Piernas<\/strong>\n Nuffield D\u00e9partment of Population Health, Universit\u00e9 of Oxford,\u00a0UK<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The prevalence of diabetes is projected to reach 700 million by 2045 worldwide (Chan, 2021<\/a>). Type 2 diabetes is predominant and associated with higher morbidity and mortality risks from other noncommunicable diseases (Shah, 2015<\/a>). It is well known that the risk of type 2 diabetes can be reduced by modifying unhealthy behaviours, such as a poor diet (Neuenschwander, 2019)<\/a>. In previous research focused on nutrients, associations were reported between poor diet quality and the incidence of type 2 diabetes and its comorbidities, particularly for diets high in saturated fat (Van Dam RM, 2002)<\/a> and low in fibre (Reynolds AN, 2002<\/a>). There is also some evidence for positive associations between single foods and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, such as low intakes of fresh fruit and vegetables (Zheng JS, 2020)<\/a>. However, the impact of individual nutrients or foods on health outcomes may not adequately reflect the health effects of a whole diet in which foods are eaten in combination. Our study identifies the association between dietary patterns (DPs) and incident type 2 diabetes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diets particularly low in fruit and vegetables are associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Our study identified DPs explaining high variability in known dietary risk factors, such as energy density, free sugars, saturated fat, and low fibre intakes and aimed to assess the association between DPs and incident type 2 diabetes. Two DPs were studied; the main one was characterized by high consumption of chocolate and confectionery, butter and other animal-fat spreads, and low-fibre bread, and reduced consumption of fresh fruit, vegetables, and high-fibre breakfast cereals. Over 8.4 years of follow-up from the latest dietary assessment, 2,878 participants of the UK Biobank developed T2D. There was positive association between adherence to this DP and incident type 2 diabetes after sequential adjustment for demographics, sociodemographic, behavioural risk factors, and health history and conditions, and remained statistically significant after adjustment for BMI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Older people tend to consume more fruit and vegetables<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

There was a significant interaction between the DP and age, with significantly higher risks among younger people (<60 years; DP1: HR 1.13 [95% CI 1.09\u20131.18]). That result suggests that, when all other things are held constant, a poor diet could increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in younger people. There are also age-related differences in healthy food consumption such as fruit and vegetables, with older adults consuming more fruit and vegetables than do younger adults \u2014 a pattern that has been observed in several U.K. national surveys. In the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2016\u20132017 to 2018\u20132019), adults (aged 19\u201364 years) consumed, on average, 4.3 portions of fruit and vegetables per day and older adults (\u226565 years) consumed 4.5 portions per day (Bates B, 2020)<\/a>. Reports in the wider literature also have suggested that older people tend to consume more fruit and vegetables and other healthy foods (Reininger, 2017<\/a>), which may be the case among the UK Biobank participants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dietary guidelines should be based on foods instead of nutrients<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Current dietary guidelines in the U.K. and many other countries are still based predominately on nutrient recommendations. Although this reflects the underlying evidence base, especially experimental and mechanistic research, it does not reflect the way people eat. Food-based dietary guidelines may help accelerate behaviour change compared with nutrient-based recommendations by providing targeted and simpler advice on foods, which make it more, or less, likely to achieve an overall healthy diet (Van Horn L, 2016)<\/a>. Moreover, this may help reduce the risk of conflicting messages regarding the relative importance of one or another nutrient, particularly saturated fat and free sugars, and recognize that there are many foods that are important sources of both. This large population based cohort study has shown that the effects of a poor diet are especially pronounced in younger people and those living with obesity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Based on :<\/strong> Gao M, Jebb SA, Aveyard P, Ambrosini GL, Perez-Cornago A, Papier K, Carter J, Piernas C. Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Prospective Cohort Study of 120,343 UK Biobank Participants. Diabetes Care. 2022 Jun 2;45(6):1315-1325. doi: 10.2337\/dc21-2258. PMID: 35299247.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n <\/i>\n Methodology<\/strong>\n <\/div>\n
    \n
  • Study population: UK Biobank, a population-based cohort comprising 502,536 participants (aged 37 to 73 years) from 22 sites across England, Wales, and Scotland (measures collected between 2006 and 2010)<\/li>\n
  • Measurement of Dietary Intake: web-based 24 h dietary instrument (Oxford WebQ) with 24 h recall questionnaires four times between 2009 and 2012<\/li>\n
  • Total energy and nutrient intake data estimated according to the UK Nutrient Databank food composition tables (2012\u20132013 and 2013\u20132014)<\/li>\n
  • Statistical analyses : identification of DPs with Reduced rank regression (RRR)<\/li>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \n <\/i>\n Key messages<\/strong>\n <\/div>\n
      \n
    • Diets high in chocolate and confectionery, butter and other animal fat spreads, and low-fibre bread, and low intakes of fresh fruit, vegetables, and high-fibre breakfast cereals are associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in this cohort of middle-aged British adults.<\/li>\n
    • Differences in healthy food consumption such as fruit and vegetables are age-related, with older adults consuming more fruit and vegetables than do younger adults<\/li>\n
    • Food-based dietary guidelines may help accelerate behaviour change compared with nutrient-based recommendations<\/li>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
      \n
      \n <\/i>\n References<\/strong>\n <\/div>\n
      \n
      \n <\/i>\n Chan JCN, et al. The Lancet Commission on diabetes: using data to transform diabetes care and patient lives. Lancet 2021;396:2019\u20132082<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
      \n <\/i>\n Shah AD, et al. Type 2 diabetes and incidence of cardiovascular diseases: a cohort study in 1\u00b79 million people. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015;3:105\u2013113<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
      \n <\/i>\n Neuenschwander M, et al. Role of diet in type 2 diabetes incidence: umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies. BMJ 2019;366:I2368<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
      \n <\/i>\n van Dam RM,et al. Dietary fat and meat intake in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in men. Diabetes Care 2002;25:417\u2013424<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
      \n <\/i>\n Reynolds AN, et al. Dietary fibre and whole grains in diabetes management: systematic review and meta-analyses. PLoS Med 2020;17:e1003053<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
      \n <\/i>\n Zheng J-S, et al. Association of plasma biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake with incident type 2 diabetes: EPIC<\/span>-InterAct case-cohort study in eight European countries. BMJ 2020;370:m2194<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
      \n <\/i>\n Bates B, et al. National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme Years 9 to 11 (2016\/2017 to 2018\/2019). 2020<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
      \n <\/i>\n Reininger B, et al. Healthy eating patterns associated with acculturation, sex and BMI among Mexican Americans. Public Health Nutr 2017;20:1267\u20131278<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
      \n <\/i>\n Van Horn L et al.; American Heart Association Nutrition Committee of the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Stroke Council. Recommended dietary pattern to achieve adherence to the American Heart Association\/American College of Cardiology (AHA\/ACC) guidelines: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2016;134:e505\u2013e529<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-92900","article_revue","type-article_revue","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"auteur":"","source":"","revue":[{"ID":92917,"post_author":"25","post_date":"2023-06-30 10:02:58","post_date_gmt":"2023-06-30 08:02:58","post_content":"\n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      The prevalence of diabetes<\/strong>, predominantly type 2 diabetes <\/strong>goes on increasing worldwide<\/strong>. Type 2 diabetes is a real public health concern <\/strong>as it is associated <\/strong>with higher morbidity<\/strong> and mortality risks<\/strong> than other noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease. According to numerous studies, changing our dietary habits<\/strong> by adding more fruit and vegetables <\/strong>to our diet may reduce type 2 diabetes risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      The Global Fruit and Veg Newsletter of this month presents three articles confirming the importance of fruit and vegetables<\/strong> in the management of type 2 diabetes<\/strong> prevention<\/strong>, from diet to specific nutrients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      The first article, based on the British cohort UK Biobank, examines combination of foods<\/strong> when most of studies focuses on associations with nutrients or single foods and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes<\/strong>. The authors show that diets particularly low in fresh fruit and vegetables <\/strong>are associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes<\/strong>. Indeed, they highlight the importance <\/strong>of taking into account the whole diet <\/strong>and suggest to base dietary guidelines <\/strong>on foods <\/strong>instead of nutrients, as it may also help accelerate behavior change<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      The second study aims to explore the dose-response<\/strong> of fruit and vegetables intake<\/strong> and type 2 diabetes risk <\/strong>in almost 40,000 Chinese adults from rural areas <\/strong>of Henan province. This article shows a decrease of the odds of type 2 diabetes with fruit intake higher than 260g\/day <\/strong>or fruit and vegetable consumption between 600 and 1000 g\/day<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      The last article investigates the impact of polyphenols<\/strong> on the glycemic control<\/strong> and metabolic parameters <\/strong>in patients with type 2 diabetes<\/strong>. After an intervention with resveratrol, anthocyanin, and naringin, the authors reported significant reductions<\/strong> in fasting blood glucose<\/strong>, glycated hemoglobin<\/strong>, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Together, these three articles show that adding more fruits and vegetables<\/strong> to our diets <\/strong>is essential <\/strong>in the presentation of type 2 diabetes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n","post_title":"Healthy diet, fruit and vegetables and type 2 diabetes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"healthy-diet-fruit-and-vegetables-and-type-2-diabetes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-10-24 17:27:36","post_modified_gmt":"2024-10-24 15:27:36","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=revue&p=92917","menu_order":32,"post_type":"revue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"position":"1","references":""},"yoast_head":"\nDietary patterns and type 2 diabetes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In previous research, associations were reported between poor diet quality and the incidence of type 2 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