{"id":92076,"date":"2023-05-30T15:03:24","date_gmt":"2023-05-30T13:03:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=article_revue&#038;p=92076"},"modified":"2023-05-31T16:50:42","modified_gmt":"2023-05-31T14:50:42","slug":"policy-implementation-and-healthy-food-environment","status":"publish","type":"article_revue","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/global-fv-newsletter-article\/policy-implementation-and-healthy-food-environment\/","title":{"rendered":"Policy implementation and priorities to create healthy food environments in Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Article-1-ok.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-92077\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__unpictureable\">\n    <strong class=\"block__unpictureable__title\">Author(s)<\/strong>\n    <div class=\"block__unpictureable__items\">\n                    <div class=\"block__unpictureable__item\">\n                <strong>Elisa Pineda<\/strong>\n                <span>Centre for Health Economics &#038; Policy Innovation (CHEPI), Imperial College Business School, London, UK School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The obesity epidemic is becoming a growing public health concern, with more than half of European adults suffering from obesity or overweight in 2021 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Overweight_and_obesity_-_BMI_statistics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Eurostat, 2021<\/a>). Indeed, the obesity epidemic may increase the risk of non-communicable diseases (cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, some cancers), leading, along with unhealthy diets, to direct and indirect costs to society (more than \u20ac 300 billion in Europe) (<a href=\"https:\/\/knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu\/health-promotion-knowledge-gateway\/cost-non-communicable-diseases-eu_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">European Commission, 2018)<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The food environment has become a major contributor to the increase of obesity and non-communicable diseases. The increased availability and affordability of ultra-processed and energy-dense food products in recent years, leaving little place for healthy foods, participated to the creation of an obesogenic food environment, especially for people with a lower socioeconomic status.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In this context, improving dietary environments to reduce socioeconomic inequalities has been shown to be effective compared to individual measures (nutritional education, healthy eating campaign) (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25121810\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Backholer, 2014<\/a>). Government policies can create healthy food environments to promote healthy population diets (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucc.ie\/en\/media\/academic\/epidemiologyandpublichealth\/pdfdocs\/SPHFinal_IrelandFood-EPIReport.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Harrington, 2020;<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24103073\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hawkes, 2013<\/a>).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>However, there is a lack of evidence on the level of implementation of food environment policies across Europe countries.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, this study (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/action\/showPdf?pii=S2666-7762%2822%2900218-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pineda, 2022<\/a>) evaluates the implementation level of food environment policy and infrastructure support for policy development in <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_custom_1e35b5eb26f8e0616214e6ba129e8f15 classtoolTipsCustomShortCodeOnlyForMultiTooltips'>11 European countries<\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\">jQuery(\"document\").ready(function(){ toolTips('.tooltip_post_id_custom_1e35b5eb26f8e0616214e6ba129e8f15',\"Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain\",'0'); });<\/script> between 2019 and 2021. In addition, national experts identified priority actions for governments to create healthy food environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The implementation of preventive policies remains relatively low<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>All European countries included in the study performed better in implementing infrastructure support than in implementing policies to create healthy food environments. In fact, the &#8220;very low\/if any&#8221; implementation rate is much lower for <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_custom_7a893a648599b00181c233ceb46f7a8c classtoolTipsCustomShortCodeOnlyForMultiTooltips'>policy indicators<\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\">jQuery(\"document\").ready(function(){ toolTips('.tooltip_post_id_custom_7a893a648599b00181c233ceb46f7a8c',\"Indicators related to 7 policy domains: food composition, food labelling, food promotion, food prices, food provision, food retail, and food trade and investment\",'0'); });<\/script> than for <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_custom_735d911c52b845e1ec08e7e1aae018d6 classtoolTipsCustomShortCodeOnlyForMultiTooltips'>infrastructure indicators<\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\">jQuery(\"document\").ready(function(){ toolTips('.tooltip_post_id_custom_735d911c52b845e1ec08e7e1aae018d6',\"Indicators related to 6 infrastructure support domains: leadership, governance, funding and resources, monitoring and intelligence, platforms for interaction and health in all policies\",'0'); });<\/script> (figure 1a, 1b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For food environment policies, Finland and Portugal have the highest implementation rate (some policies of these countries are described in Table 1), whereas Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and Poland had no indicators among the 7 included ranked as \u201chigh\u201d. In addition. Germany, The Netherlands and Spain had the highest proportion of policies indicators at low implementation (\u201cvery low\/if any\u201d and \u201clow\u201d) (figure 1a).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"503\" height=\"257\" src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Image2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-92079\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Figure 1a: Proportion of policy indicators with &#8216;very low if any&#8217;, &#8216;low&#8217;, &#8216;medium&#8217; or &#8216;high&#8217; implementation in each country compared to international best practices (extracted from the original publication Pineda, 2022).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Concerning infrastructure support indicators, the domain \u201chealth in all policies\u201d was rated with the lowest level of implementation. Finland is the country with the highest level of implementation in terms of infrastructure support indicators, followed by Ireland (\u201chigh\u201d and \u201cmedium\u201d) (figure 1b)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Image3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-92081\" width=\"518\" height=\"268\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Figure 1b: Proportion of infrastructure support indicators with &#8216;very low if any&#8217;, &#8216;low&#8217;, &#8216;medium&#8217; or &#8216;high&#8217; implementation in each country compared to international best practices (extracted from the original publication Pineda, 2022)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"height: 827px; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; background-color: #ffffff; border-color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 42px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.6904%; height: 89px; background-color: #ffca2b; border-color: #030202; border-style: solid; text-align: center;\"><strong>Policies<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.9762%; height: 89px; background-color: #ffca2b; border-color: #030202; border-style: solid; text-align: center;\"><strong>Finland<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 89px; background-color: #ffca2b; border-color: #030202; border-style: solid; text-align: center;\"><strong>Portugal<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 413px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.6904%; height: 413px; border-color: #000000; border-style: solid; text-align: center;\"><strong>Food composition<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.9762%; height: 413px; border-color: #000000; border-style: solid;\">\n<p>1\/ Decree of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry<\/p>\n<p>Aim: To declare certain foods high-salt (10\/2014)<\/p>\n<p>2\/ Creation of a Nutrition Commitment<\/p>\n<p>Aim: to help food sector and industrial food product design with key change objectives in the nutrition recommendations<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 413px; border-color: #000000; border-style: solid;\">An extended commitment between the Directorate-General of Health, the National Health Institute, the Portuguese Association of Distribution Companies, and the Federation of the Portuguese Agri-Food Industry (May 2019).<br>Aim: to reformulate salt, sugar, trans fatty acids content in various<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 116px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.6904%; height: 116px; border-color: #080707; border-style: solid; text-align: center;\"><strong>Food marketing<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.9762%; height: 116px; border-color: #080707; border-style: solid;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 116px; border-color: #080707; border-style: solid;\">Law N\u00b0 30\/2019 of 23 April<br>Aim: Restrictions on advertising to children (&lt;16 years) of unhealthy foods in schools, public playgrounds\u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 116px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.6904%; height: 116px; border-color: #080707; border-style: solid; text-align: center;\"><strong>Food prices<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.9762%; height: 116px; border-color: #080707; border-style: solid;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 116px; border-color: #080707; border-style: solid;\">Excise duty on drinks containing added sugar or other sweeteners (February 2017) with a revision by the Law No. 71\/2018 of 31 December &#8211; State Budget for 2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 93px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.6904%; height: 93px; border-color: #050505; border-style: solid; text-align: center;\"><strong>Food provision<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.9762%; height: 93px; border-color: #050505; border-style: solid;\">National nutrition guidelines exist for several population groups (for example: for early education, schools, and for elderly)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 93px; border-color: #050505; border-style: solid;\">Legislation on food provision in school and on food supply for Healthcare Institutions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Table 1 : Examples of high policy implementations in Finland and Portugal<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For food labelling and food retail, a low level of implementation is observed among all countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">National experts recommended major policy actions to create healthy food environment.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Many programs implemented in recent years (the Farm to Fork Strategy, the EU Action Plan on childhood obesity 2014-2020, the European Child Guarantee, the EU cancer beating plan, and the WHO European Food and Nutrition Action Plan 2015\u20132020) highlight the need to build more ambitious food policies so that countries meet global nutrition goals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In most countries, various actions recommended were related to food provision policies: Estonia (63%), Ireland (27%), Italy (20%), Germany (38%), Poland (28%), and Slovenia (40%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While experts in each country explicitly formulated and prioritized actions to improve the food environment and public health, this study highlights some commonalities and identify top recommended policy actions which should be considered collectively and not taken alone:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Improvement of school food environments:<\/strong> Experts from 6 European countries (Ireland, Germany, Norway, Poland, Slovenia, Italy, Portugal) specifically highlighted the need to introduce in educational institutions subjects related to nutrition and food, and the importance of the provision of healthy school meals and the regulation and monitoring of food procurement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Front-of pack labelling system and regulation of processed foods<\/strong>: Experts from Poland, Spain and Finland stated that a clear front-of-pack labelling is required for consumers to better identify healthy foods\/ingredients, such as those implemented in Chile and the Nutri-Score. Meanwhile, experts from The Netherlands, Spain, Italy, and Portugal emphasize the need to have actions on food composition, including reformulation of ultra-processed, energy-dense and nutrient-poor products (e.g., elimination of trans fatty acids).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Unhealthy food and beverage taxation and fruit and vegetable subsidies<\/strong>: As fiscal policies were found to be an important and achievable priority, experts recommend to increase taxes value, to tax ultra-processed foods in addition to sugar-sweetened beverages and to allocate tax revenues to public health investments. Subsidies for healthy foods (e.g., vegetables) were also recommended by Ireland experts to encourage healthy eating patterns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children:<\/strong> In most countries (Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Estonia, Finland and Spain), banning the unhealthy food marketing for children was cited as a priority. indeed, the positive impact of this action was observed in Quebec (Canada), where childhood obesity rates are lower than in other cities in Canada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Need to improve infrastructure support actions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As regards infrastructure support actions, experts recommend to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>demonstrate leadership and commitment to obesity prevention and public health policies (Ireland, Portugal, Norway),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>allocate funding and resources (Germany, Norway, Poland) to implement nutrition education,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>provide campaigns and tools for the general public (Estonia),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reimburse dietician services (Poland),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>include a healthy eating program as a core part of primary health care services (Portugal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is also needed to establish engagement and knowledge transfer between government, civil society and public health experts and to support local governments.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"605\" height=\"294\" src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Image4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-92083\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Figure 2.&nbsp; Actions in each sub-component of the infrastructure support <a>domains<\/a><\/em><a href=\"#_msocom_1\">[MM1]<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"#_msocom_2\">[JC2]<\/a>&nbsp;<em> expressed as a proportion of the total number of actions (in brackets) prioritized in each country (extracted from the original publication Pineda, 2022).TRADE: Food trade and investment; LEAD: Leadership ;MONIT: Monitoring and assessment; FUND: Funding and resources; PLAT: Platforms for interaction; HIAP: Health in all policies<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Based on<\/strong>: Pineda E et al. Policy implementation and priorities to create healthy food environments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI): A pooled level analysis across eleven European countries. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2022 Nov 16;23:100522.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__stylized-list\">\n    <div class=\"block__stylized-list__leading\" id=\"block__stylized-list__leading\">\n        <i class=\"fa-classic fa-regular fa-pen-to-square\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n        <strong>Methodology<\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n    <div id=\"block__stylized-list__content\" style=\"display: none;\"><ul>\nThe Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) developed by INFORMAS) to evaluate the level of implementation of food environment policies and infrastructure in 11 European countries.<br \/>\nThe Food-EPI tool includes:<\/p>\n<li>7 policy domains that represent key aspects of food environments: food composition, food labelling, food promotion, food prices, food provision, food retail, and food trade and investment and,<\/li>\n<li>6 infrastructure support domains: leadership, governance, funding and resources, monitoring and intelligence, platforms for interaction and health in all policies.<\/li>\n<p>In each country, evidence on the implementation of food environment was compiled and validated by government representatives. National experts assessed implementation of policies and identified priority recommendations for action.<\/p>\n<p>A five-point Likert scale was used was used to evaluate the implementation of policies, with 1 = 0\u201320% implementation (=very low), 2 = 20\u201340% implementation (=low), 3 = 40\u201360% implementation (=medium), 4 = 60\u201380% implementation (=fair), and 5 = 80\u2013100% implementation (=high).\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__solid-colored\">\n    <div class=\"block__solid-colored__leading\">\n        <i class=\"fa-classic fa-regular fa-square-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n        <strong>Key messages<\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"block__solid-colored__content\"><ul>\n<li>Across the European countries participating in this study, national experts identify policies regarding food provision, promotion, retail, funding monitoring, and health in all policies as the most important gaps.<\/li>\n<li>For the transition of food systems, immediate implementation of policies and infrastructure support that prioritize action towards healthy food environments is urgently required to tackle the burden of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases in Europe.<\/li>\n<li>To prevent obesity and non-communicable diseases, focus on vulnerable populations is necessary, notably in children and people with low socioeconomic status.<\/li>\n<ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__reference\">\n    <div class=\"block__reference__leading\" id=\"block__reference__leading\">\n        <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share-from-square\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n        <strong>References<\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"block__reference__entries\" id=\"block__reference__entries\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Eurostat. Over Half of Adults in the EU are Overweight 2021. <\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Commission E. Cost of Non-Communicable Diseases in the EU. 2018. https:\/\/knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu\/health-promotion-knowl- edge-gateway\/cost-non-communicable-diseases-eu_en. <\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Backholer K, Beauchamp A, Ball K, et al. A framework for evaluating the impact of obesity prevention strategies on socioeconomic inequalities in weight. Am J Public Health. 2014;104 (10):e43\u2013e50.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Harrington JM LC, Twohig CH, Vandevijvere S, for the Food-EPI Project Team. Policies for Tackling Obesity and Creating Healthier Food Environments in Ireland: Food-EPI 2020. Current Policies &#038; Priority Actions. Ireland: Cork, School of Public Health, University College Cork; 2020.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Hawkes C, Jewell J, Allen K. A food policy package for healthy diets and the prevention of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases: the NOURISHING framework. Obes Rev. 2013;14(S2):159\u2013168<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-92076","article_revue","type-article_revue","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"auteur":"","source":"","revue":[{"ID":91993,"post_author":"25","post_date":"2023-05-30 15:02:18","post_date_gmt":"2023-05-30 13:02:18","post_content":"<!-- wp:image {\"id\":92199,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/edito-bis-ok.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-92199\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The term \u201c<strong>food systems<\/strong>\u201d refers to all the <strong>elements <\/strong>and <strong>activities <\/strong>related to <strong>producing and consuming food<\/strong>, as well as their <strong>effects<\/strong>, including <strong>economic<\/strong>, <strong>health<\/strong>, and <strong>environmental <\/strong>outcomes. As highlighted in the OECD report Making Better Policies for Food Systems (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/ddfba4de-en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OECD, 2021<\/a>), food systems around the world are expected to <strong>simultaneously provide food security<\/strong> and <strong>nutrition <\/strong>for a growing population; <strong>livelihoods <\/strong>for millions of farmers and other actors along the food chain; and <strong>improve the environmental sustainability<\/strong> of the sector. Food systems face the \u201c<strong>triple challenge<\/strong>\u201d of simultaneously meeting these objectives.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Better policies<\/strong> are needed to address this \u201ctriple challenge\u201d. But policies aiming to improve outcomes in one dimension of the triple challenge can also affect other dimensions, either positively (a synergy) or negatively (a trade-off). Given these complex interactions, designing better policies can be challenging.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Global Fruit and Veg Newsletter of this month presents three articles to <strong>highlight<\/strong> the <strong>role <\/strong>of <strong>policy <\/strong>in <strong>tackling the challenges of food systems<\/strong> with some specific examples of strategies and programmes in different countries.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The first study (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36405402\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pineda et al, 2022<\/a>) aimed to evaluate the <strong>implementation of policies<\/strong> that focus on <strong>improving the food environment<\/strong> in European countries and identify <strong>priority actions <\/strong>for governments <strong>to create healthy food environments<\/strong>. The authors recommended action on setting standards for nutrients of concern in processed foods, improvement of school food environments, fruit and vegetable subsidies, unhealthy food and beverage taxation, and restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The second study (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35406132\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kluczkovski et al, 202<\/a>) evaluated the <strong>environmental impact<\/strong> and <strong>nutritional viability<\/strong> of a <strong>school canteen program<\/strong> - the Sustainable School Program (SSP)- aiming to<strong> improve the quality of meals<\/strong>. The programme implemented low-carbon meals, twice a week, in 155 schools of 4 municipalities in Bahia (Brazil). It demonstrated that a substantial reduction in climate impact is feasible, successful, and can be an inspiration to other regions and countries.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In the third article (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36742430\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dickie et al, 2023<\/a>), a team of Australian researchers suggest a <strong>new holistic and innovative approach<\/strong> for<strong> food labeling<\/strong> by mixing the <strong>nutrition classification<\/strong> and the <strong>level of processing<\/strong>. This study concludes that the model presented could be an <strong>alternative <\/strong>to existing models to guide policy actions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:acf\/pictureable {\"name\":\"acf\/pictureable\",\"data\":{\"authors_0_fully_name\":\"C\u00e9line Giner \",\"_authors_0_fully_name\":\"field_pictureable_author_fully_name\",\"authors_0_profession\":\"Policy Analyst\",\"_authors_0_profession\":\"field_pictureable_author_profession\",\"authors_0_information\":\"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), France\",\"_authors_0_information\":\"field_pictureable_author_information\",\"authors_0_picture\":91996,\"_authors_0_picture\":\"field_pictureable_author_picture\",\"authors\":1,\"_authors\":\"field_pictureable_authors\"},\"align\":\"center\",\"mode\":\"auto\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:acf\/about {\"name\":\"acf\/about\",\"data\":{\"title\":\"About the author\",\"_title\":\"field_about_title\",\"content\":\"C\u00e9line Giner is a Policy Analyst at the OECD where she works at the Trade and Agriculture Directorate (TAD) in the Agro-food Trade and Markets Division. She conducts and drives research on policies related to global food systems, including policies for encouraging healthier and more sustainable food choices andpolicies that address gender inequality in food systems. C\u00e9line is responsible for the OECD Food Chain Analysis Network, an expert group in agro-food systems analysis. She was trained in quantitative economics and econometrics at the French National School for Statistics and Data Analysis and at the University of Essex. She recently participated to a professional training provided by the French National School of Administration for experienced civil servants.\",\"_content\":\"field_about_content\"},\"align\":\"center\",\"mode\":\"auto\"} \/-->","post_title":"Public policies to promote heathy and sustainable diets","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"public-policies-to-promote-heathy-and-sustainable-diets","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-10-24 17:27:09","post_modified_gmt":"2024-10-24 15:27:09","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=revue&#038;p=91993","menu_order":34,"post_type":"revue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"position":"1","references":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.6 (Yoast SEO v23.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Policy 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