{"id":91528,"date":"2023-04-27T11:15:01","date_gmt":"2023-04-27T09:15:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=article_revue&#038;p=91528"},"modified":"2023-04-27T11:15:06","modified_gmt":"2023-04-27T09:15:06","slug":"how-does-the-intake-of-fermentable-carbohydrate-alter-barrier-function","status":"publish","type":"article_revue","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/global-fv-newsletter-article\/how-does-the-intake-of-fermentable-carbohydrate-alter-barrier-function\/","title":{"rendered":"How does the intake of fermentable carbohydrate alter barrier function ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/article-1-ok-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-91610\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>With a global prevalence of 11.2% in 2012 <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32702295\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(Oka, 2020)<\/a>, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain, erratic bowel habits, and variable changes in stool consistency, yet the causes are insufficiently understood <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27159638\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(Enck, 2016).<\/a> While IBS treatment is proven difficult, dietary interventions can be a useful treatment for IBS, particularly the <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_custom_293f862af9f8575f954bd433d68bc827 classtoolTipsCustomShortCodeOnlyForMultiTooltips'>low-FODMAP<\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\">jQuery(\"document\").ready(function(){ toolTips('.tooltip_post_id_custom_293f862af9f8575f954bd433d68bc827',\"fermentable oligo-,di-, monosaccharides and polyols\",'0'); });<\/script> approach that is gaining interest in recent years. Indeed, the fermentation of these unabsorbed carbohydrates by the gut microbiota can produce toxic glycating metabolites with potential harmful effects by generating advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which activates Receptor for AGEs (AGER) and support a pro-inflammatory state. Mast cells can also be activated by AGEs <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20735427\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(Sick, 2010) <\/a>through AGER activation, or by aldehydes (acetaldehyde) directly <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16565490\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(Ferrier, 2006)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The present study <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35394686\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(Kamphuis, 2022)<\/a> conducted on mouse model investigates the implication of an increased intake of dietary fermentable carbohydrates in mucus barrier particularities, which could be involved in further epithelial barrier dysfunction. Mice were treated with lactose or fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), with or without co-administration of <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_custom_a066339c9c7d20593f053a16a682c415 classtoolTipsCustomShortCodeOnlyForMultiTooltips'>pyridoxamine<\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\">jQuery(\"document\").ready(function(){ toolTips('.tooltip_post_id_custom_a066339c9c7d20593f053a16a682c415',\"anti-flycation agent\",'0'); });<\/script> (see methodology below).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lactose and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) dysregulate the colonic mucus barrier in mice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the study, an increased intake of lactose and fructo-oligosaccharides induces a dysregulation of the colonic mucus barrier, increasing mucus discharge in empty colon, while increasing variability and decreasing average thickness mucus layer covering the fecal pellet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More specifically, mice treated with 5 mg\/day of lactose had an 11.9% reduction in average fecal mucus layer thickness compared to those who did not receive lactose (control group). They also showed a 98% increase in the coefficient of variability (CoV) compared to the control group. Similar results were observed with diets containing 10% FOS. Indeed, mice treated with FOS had a 33% reduction of the average fecal mucus layer thickness compared to the control group, with a significantly increased CoV (+26% compared to the control group). Co-treatment with pyridoxamine normalized all the increases observed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, an increase in mucus production was observed in both lactose-and FOS-treated mice, as demonstrated by the increased goblet cell discharge in empty distal colon. An increased mucus production was somewhat paradoxically accompanied by a reduced fecal mucus barrier formation and a higher variability in this mucus layer, which could explain the changes in fecal mucus layer thickness. Again, this effect was lost or moderated by co-treatment with pyridoxamine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hypothetical cascade on the effects of FODMAP ingestion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The authors observed that the negative effects listed previously and their prevention by co-treatment with pyridoxamine could be associated with changes in AGE levels in the intestinal tissue. Indeed, lactose and FOS treatment have increased the levels of carboxy-methyl lysine (CML), a main AGE residue, in the colonic epithelium (lactose +21,5% and FOS: +60% vs. control). Pyridoxamine co-treatment was able to prevent this increase, implicating glycation processes in the negative impact of fermentable carbohydrate ingestion.<br>Therefore, together with the other effects observed on goblet cell activity, mast cell numbers, and mucus layer variability, a hypothetical cascade could be imagined (figure 1):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The specific increased carbohydrate fermentation causes production of reactive glycation agents by the intestinal microbiota, leading to local production of AGEs in tissues exposed to these toxic metabolites.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This, in turn, activates and upregulates AGER, activates mast cells and increases their number locally.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At the same time, increased mast cell numbers and mediator production causes goblet cells to discharge more, even in the absence of contents, which causes the observed dysregulation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"524\" height=\"510\" src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Image1-2-524x510.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-91529\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 1 : Hypothetical cascade on the effects of FODMAP ingestion (Kamphuis, 2022)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Based on <\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35394686\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kamphuis JBJ, Reber L, Eutam\u00e8ne H, Theodorou V. Increased fermentable carbohydrate intake alters colonic mucus barrier function through glycation processes and increased mast cell counts. FASEB J. 2022 May;36(5):e22297<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__solid-colored\">\n    <div class=\"block__solid-colored__leading\">\n        <i class=\"fa-classic fa-regular fa-square-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n        <strong>Key messages<\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"block__solid-colored__content\"><ul>\n<li>An increased intake of fermentable carbohydrates can cause colonic mucus barrier dysregulation in mice, by a process that involves glycating agents and increased mucosal mast cell counts.<\/li>\n<li>More specifically, an increased intake of lactose and fructo-oligosaccharides induces a dysregulation of the colonic mucus barrier, increasing mucus discharge in empty colon, while increasing variability and decreasing average thickness mucus layer covering the fecal pellet. AGE levels were also increased in colonic epithelium. <\/li>\n<li>Changes were correlated with increased mast cell counts.<\/li>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__stylized-list\">\n    <div class=\"block__stylized-list__leading\" id=\"block__stylized-list__leading\">\n        <i class=\"fa-classic fa-regular fa-pen-to-square\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n        <strong>Methodology<\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n    <div id=\"block__stylized-list__content\" style=\"display: none;\"><ul>\n<li>Lactose-pyridoxamine treated group received a daily oral gavage of 5 mg lactose and\/or 5 mg pyridoxamine in 200 \u03bcl saline solution, the control group received only saline, for 3 weeks. <\/li>\n<li>The FOS-pyridoxamine treated group received a custom modified AIN-93 diet, with or without 10% fructo-oligosaccharides, complemented with or without 1 mg\/ml pyridoxamine in drinking water.<\/li>\n<li>All animal experiments were performed in accordance with EU directive 2010\/63\/EU and approved by the local Animal Care and Use Committee of Toulouse Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es (agreement CEEA-86).<\/li>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__reference\">\n    <div class=\"block__reference__leading\" id=\"block__reference__leading\">\n        <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share-from-square\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n        <strong>References<\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"block__reference__entries\" id=\"block__reference__entries\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Oka P, et al. Global prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome according to Rome III or IV criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Oct;5(10):908-917.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Enck P, Aziz Q, Barbara G, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016; 2:16014.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Sick E, et al. Advanced glycation end products(AGEs) activate mast cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;161:442-455.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Ferrier L, Berard F, Debrauwer L, et al. Impairment of the intestinal barrier by ethanol involves enteric microflora and mast cell activation in rodents. Am J Pathol. 2006;168:1148-1154.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-91528","article_revue","type-article_revue","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"auteur":"","source":"","revue":[{"ID":91543,"post_author":"25","post_date":"2023-04-27 11:11:57","post_date_gmt":"2023-04-27 09:11:57","post_content":"<!-- wp:image {\"id\":91605,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/edito.ok_.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-91605\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Irritable bowel syndrome<\/strong> (IBS) is a<strong> functional gastrointestinal disorder<\/strong>. With an approximative <strong>global prevalence of 11.2%<\/strong>, IBS is a commonly diagnosed disorder that can have a substantial impact on patients\u2019 quality of life as well as a huge economic impact on society (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32702295\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oka, 2020<\/a>). The <strong>pathogenesis <\/strong>of IBS is <strong>multifactorial<\/strong>, and IBS can be associated with altered intestinal motility, visceral hypersensitivity, altered brain\u2013gut interactions, dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and\/or mucosal immune activation (<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ajg\/Fulltext\/2018\/06002\/American_College_of_Gastroenterology_Monograph_on.1.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ford, 2018<\/a>). Although there is <strong>not a specific food that triggers the condition<\/strong>, people suffering from this disorder report that certain foods, or their combination, can promote or aggravate symptoms.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This month, the issue of the Global Fruit and Veg Newsletter <strong>sheds light on this syndrome<\/strong> with <strong>three recent articles<\/strong>. It covers the <strong>mechanistic approach<\/strong> of how <strong>diet<\/strong>, and more particularly <strong>FODMAPs<\/strong>, can dysregulate the colonic mucus barrier as well as <strong>dietary advice<\/strong> for irritable bowel syndrome, with a <strong>focus on a key nutrient<\/strong> -dietary fiber- that provides functional and physiological benefits.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/global-fv-newsletter-article\/how-does-the-intake-of-fermentable-carbohydrate-alter-barrier-function\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">first article<\/a> from a French group of researchers explores the <strong>mechanistic implication of an increased intake of dietary fermentable carbohydrates<\/strong> in <strong>mucus barrier particularities<\/strong>. The study shows that excessive intake of fermentable carbohydrates can cause colonic mucus barrier dysregulation in mice, by a process that involves glycating agents and increases mucosal mast cell counts.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/global-fv-newsletter-article\/practical-advice-on-the-role-of-diet-in-treating-patients-with-irritable-bowel-syndrome\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">second article<\/a> is an <strong>expert review <\/strong>of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) providing <strong>advice statements<\/strong>, mainly to gastroenterologists, with regards to the<strong> role of diet in IBS treatment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/global-fv-newsletter-article\/health-benefits-of-dietary-fibre-in-childhood\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">third article<\/a> focuses on the<strong> role of dietary fibre<\/strong> intake in <strong>healthy children<\/strong> but also in case of <strong>functional digestive disorders<\/strong> such as IBS and constipation. This review highlights the importance of the quality of fiber consumed and emphasizes that a healthy diet should contain both fermentable and bulking fiber.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:acf\/pictureable {\"name\":\"acf\/pictureable\",\"data\":{\"authors_0_fully_name\":\"Pauline Jou\u00ebt\",\"_authors_0_fully_name\":\"field_pictureable_author_fully_name\",\"authors_0_profession\":\"Medical doctor - Universit\u00e9 Paris VII\",\"_authors_0_profession\":\"field_pictureable_author_profession\",\"authors_0_information\":\"\",\"_authors_0_information\":\"field_pictureable_author_information\",\"authors_0_picture\":91544,\"_authors_0_picture\":\"field_pictureable_author_picture\",\"authors\":1,\"_authors\":\"field_pictureable_authors\"},\"align\":\"center\",\"mode\":\"auto\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:acf\/about {\"name\":\"acf\/about\",\"data\":{\"title\":\"About the author\",\"_title\":\"field_about_title\",\"content\":\"Pauline Jou\u00ebt is a medical doctor and has a PhD in epithelial biology and pathology (Universit\u00e9 Paris VII). She has worked as a researcher in Pr SARNA\u2019s laboratory, Wisconsin, USA, 1992-1994). She is Professeur associ\u00e9e at the Coll\u00e8ge de M\u00e9decine des H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, works full time at Avicenne Hospital (Bobigny, France) as a gastroenterologist, and at the INSERM U 987 unit (Dr Bouhassira, Boulogne-Billancourt). She currently is the President of the French Groupe of Neurogastroenterology (GFNG) and is part of the scientific committee of the french association for IBS patients (appssii.org).  \",\"_content\":\"field_about_content\"},\"align\":\"center\",\"mode\":\"auto\"} \/-->","post_title":"Food in functional gastro-intestinal disorders: friend or foe?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"food-in-functional-gastro-intestinal-disorders-friend-or-foe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-10-24 17:26:50","post_modified_gmt":"2024-10-24 15:26:50","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=revue&#038;p=91543","menu_order":36,"post_type":"revue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"position":"1","references":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.6 (Yoast SEO v23.6) - 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