{"id":90827,"date":"2023-03-30T14:13:10","date_gmt":"2023-03-30T12:13:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=article_revue&p=90827"},"modified":"2023-03-30T14:13:16","modified_gmt":"2023-03-30T12:13:16","slug":"eco-holonbiont-a-holistic-approach-to-understand-drivers-of-host-associated-microorganisms","status":"publish","type":"article_revue","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/global-fv-newsletter-article\/eco-holonbiont-a-holistic-approach-to-understand-drivers-of-host-associated-microorganisms\/","title":{"rendered":"Eco-holonbiont, a holistic approach to understand drivers of host-associated microorganisms"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"escargot<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Numerous studies are emerging on microbiome assembly, host-microbiome interaction and communication and the microbial role in modulating ecosystem functions. Yet, knowledge remains incomplete, mainly about the important role of biotic interactions and microbial loop (compositional linkage between soil, plant, and animal) in shaping host-microbiome (Bordenstein, 2015<\/a>; Hacquard, 2015<\/a>; Delgado-Baquerizo, 2018<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The present article (Singh, 2020<\/strong><\/a>) is an opinion published in Environmental Microbiology journal and aims to present \u2019ecoholobiont\u2019 concept to fill the knowledge gap. According to the authors, addressing these gaps are critical to advance the ecological understanding and help translate host microbiome knowledge into health and industrial applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Holobiont, a term to define hosts and their microbiomes as a unit but with some knowledge gaps<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

First introduced in 1991, the term \u201cholobiont\u201d is defined as the unit of a host and its associated communities of microorganisms (i.e., microbiota), where microbiome provides a genomic and functional extension to their hosts. (Hacquard, 2015)<\/a>. Multiple pathways of host-microbiota interactions exist, both positive and negative, even though these interactions are mostly beneficial and symbiotic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The holobiont framework has meanwhile some knowledge gaps that need to be considered. First, only a fraction of variation in host-associated microbiome is explained by the host\u2019s genetics and abiotic factors such as climate and soils. Moreover, the impact on the interactions between microbiomes of different components of the ecosystem (host, habitats, biotic interactions) remains little understood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co-evolutionary theories assume that host and microbiomes evolved together and can benefit each other<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Host-microbiome interactions are likely driven by evolutionary and ecological relationship, assuming that they evolve together and can benefit each other. They are generally structured by host genetics and nutrients although growing evidence indicates that host-microbiome structure is also significantly influenced by abiotic variables (soil, water, air) and biotic interactions (e.g., microbial loop across multitrophic levels) (Hacquard, 2015<\/a>; Hamonts, 2018<\/a>). For instance, specific biotic interactions such as predation and competition occur in the rhizosphere and endosphere of the plant and can significantly alter microbial composition, structure, and competition for nutrients (Coyte,2015<\/a>; Thakur, 2019<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flowers and leaf microbiomes are also known to be sourced from soil and\/or air, and then exchanged regularly between flowers and pollinators or between leaves and herbivores (Ushio, 2015<\/a>; Shikano, 2017<\/a>; Kim, 2019<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ample evidence is available to suggest that host microbiomes significantly influence plant-insect interactions. Although such biological interactions are further modulated by less known abiotic variables, multitrophic host-microbiome interactions and how the dynamic microbial loop influences the host and environment remain unclear (Ushio, 2015<\/a>; Shikano, 2017<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eco-holobiont, a concept similar to the One Health\u2019s, to fill knowledge gaps<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In order to fill the gap and to identify fundamental ecological processes that influence the assembly and functionality of soil\u2013plant\u2013animal microbiomes, the eco-holobiont system-based approach is suggested and explained in the present opinion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eco-holobiont is a holistic approach, supported by recent scientific studies, combining holobiont and other ecosystem components. For instance, it was demonstrated in recent results that, despite their distinct microbial composition, plant and gut habitats share similar microbial taxa at a high taxonomic level (e.g., Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria) and similar host functions (Mendes, 2015<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This approach is similar to the \u2019One Health Concept,\u2019 which suggests that environmental and animal microbiomes can affect both human microbiomes and health (Trinh, 2018<\/a>). Indeed, the eco-holobiont concept proposes that interacting biotic (plants and animals) and environmental (e.g. soil, water and air) microbiomes forms a circular microbial loop that can impact the assembly of holobionts of all living organisms within an ecosystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Such system is needed to improve our current knowledge on drivers of host-associated microorganisms and functions and overall ecosystem health. Without such an approach, key information on seeding, transmission and host colonization by microbial communities will likely be missed.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Figure 1: The \u2019eco-holobiont\u2019 conceptual framework (adapted from Singh et al, 2020)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Based on<\/strong>: Brajesh K. Singh et al. Eco-holobiont: A new concept to identify drivers of host-associated microorganisms. Environmental Microbiology, 2020;22(2):564\u2013567.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n <\/i>\n Key messages<\/strong>\n <\/div>\n
    \n
  • While the \u2019holobiont\u2019 concept framework has greatly expanded eco-evolutionary and functional comprehension of host-microbiome interactions, the important role of biotic interactions and microbial loop in shaping host-microbiome is not fully understood.<\/li>\n
  • An \u2019ecoholobiont\u2019 approach, similar to the One Health concept, suggests that interacting biotic (plants and animals) and environmental (e.g. soil, water and air) microbiomes forms a circular microbial loop that can impact the assembly of holobionts of all living organisms within an ecosystem.<\/li>\n
  • Such system is needed to improve our current knowledge on drivers of host-associated microorganisms and functions.
    \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \n <\/i>\n R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/strong>\n <\/div>\n
    \n
    \n <\/i>\n Bordenstein, S.R., and Theis, K.R. Host biology in light of the microbiome: ten principles of holobionts and hologenomes. PLoS Biol. 2015;13: e1002226.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
    \n <\/i>\n Hacquard, S., et al. Microbiota and host nutrition across plant and animal kingdoms. Cell Host Microbe. 2015;17: 603\u2013616.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
    \n <\/i>\n Delgado-Baquerizo, M., et al. A global atlas of the dominant bacteria found in soil. Science 2018; 359: 320\u2013325.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
    \n <\/i>\n Singh, B.K., et al. Relationship between assemblages of mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria on grass roots. Environ Microbiol. 2008;10: 534\u2013541.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
    \n <\/i>\n Hamonts, K., et al. Field study reveals core plant microbiota and relative importance of their drivers. Environ Microbio. 2018;20:124\u2013140.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
    \n <\/i>\n Coyte, K.Z., et al. The ecology of the microbiome: networks, competition, and stability. Science. 2015;350: 663\u2013666.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
    \n <\/i>\n Thakur, M.P., and Geisen, S. Trophic regulation of soil microbiome. Trend Microbiol. 2019;27: 780\u2013781.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
    \n <\/i>\n Ushio, M., et al. (2015) Microbial communities on flower surface act as signatures of pollinator visitation. Sci Rep 5: 8695.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
    \n <\/i>\n Shikano, I., et al. Tritrophic interactions: microbe mediated plants effects on insect herbivores. Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2017;55: 313\u2013331.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
    \n <\/i>\n Kim, D.-R., et al. A mutualistic interaction between Streptomyces bacteria, strawberry plants and pollinating bees. Nat Commun. 2019;10: 4802.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
    \n <\/i>\n Mendes, R., and Raaijmakers, J.M. Cross-kingdom similarities in microbiome functions. ISME J. 2015;9:1905.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
    \n <\/i>\n Trinh, P., et al. One health relationships between human, animal, and environmental microbiomes: a minireview. Front Public Health. 2018;6: 235.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-90827","article_revue","type-article_revue","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"auteur":"","source":"","revue":[{"ID":90824,"post_author":"25","post_date":"2023-03-30 14:11:56","post_date_gmt":"2023-03-30 12:11:56","post_content":"\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Soil, plants, animals, and humans share microorganisms <\/strong>as different as viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protists, at a high taxonomic<\/strong> and functional levels<\/strong>. All these taxa and functions form specific communities <\/strong>called microbiota <\/strong>that play a crucial role<\/strong> contributing to health of humans<\/strong> and ecosystems<\/strong>. Over the past decades, numerous studies have shown that increasing our understanding<\/strong> of each community is of great scientific<\/strong> and public interest<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The present issue of Global Fruit and Veg Newsletter shares three outstanding scientific papers that provide an overview of the state of knowledge on this subject.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The first article coins the new concept of eco-holobiont<\/strong>, to show how the holistic approach<\/strong> of living beings<\/strong>, that emerged some decades ago, needs to take into account abiotic and abiotic interactions<\/strong> to better understand<\/strong> what drives<\/strong> and shapes <\/strong>each microbiota<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The second article highlights the crucial role<\/strong> of soil<\/strong>, known as the largest reservoir of microbial diversity<\/strong>. It provides new evidence<\/strong> showing how soil microbiota<\/strong> contributes to plants<\/strong>, animals<\/strong>, and humans health <\/strong>in a \"One Health<\/strong>\" approach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The third article, in which the author of the first paper is involved, focuses more specifically on plant microbiota<\/strong>. The paper explores how composition<\/strong>, assembly<\/strong> and dynamics <\/strong>of host-microbiota association<\/strong> modulate its beneficial traits<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Together, these three complementary approaches show that soil<\/strong>, plants<\/strong>, animals<\/strong>, and human microbiota <\/strong>are interconnected<\/strong>, forming a kind of microbial loop<\/strong> on which the health<\/strong> of the whole ecosystem<\/strong> depends<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n","post_title":"Soil, plant, animal, and human microbiota, what do they have to teach us?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"soil-plant-animal-and-human-microbiota-what-do-they-have-to-teach-us","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-10-24 17:26:16","post_modified_gmt":"2024-10-24 15:26:16","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=revue&p=90824","menu_order":38,"post_type":"revue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"position":"1","references":""},"yoast_head":"\nEco-holonbiont, a holistic approach to 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