{"id":89006,"date":"2023-01-27T09:13:35","date_gmt":"2023-01-27T08:13:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=article_revue&#038;p=89006"},"modified":"2023-03-23T14:30:50","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T13:30:50","slug":"quality-of-plant-based-diets-and-risk-of-fragilty","status":"publish","type":"article_revue","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/global-fv-newsletter-article\/quality-of-plant-based-diets-and-risk-of-fragilty\/","title":{"rendered":"Quality of plant-based diets and risk of fragilty"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Article-2-ok.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-89125\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Numerous studies have shown that high-quality diets rich in fruit and vegetables, such as the Mediterranean diet, the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) or a diet represented by the alternate healthy eating index, prevents the risk of frailty in older adults (<a href=\"https:\/\/bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12916-014-0255-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Leon-Munoz, 2015<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1050173818300240?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Satija, 2015<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plant-based diets have recently gained attention due to their health effects in preventing non communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1050173818300240?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Satija, 2015<\/a>). This beneficial effect is mainly due to specific food groups found in this type of diets such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables and plant\u2010based proteins from legumes, nuts and tofu (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1050173818300240?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Satija, 2015<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31728495\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hemler, 2019<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, not all plant\u2010based diets are necessarily healthy, as they may contain plant-based foods with low nutritional quality and negatively associated with chronic diseases, namely refined carbohydrates, added sugars or ultra\u2010processed foods (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1050173818300240?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Satija, 2015<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(17)32252-3\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dehghan, 2017)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, emerging studies and position papers alert on the potential nutrient deficiencies that could be caused by adopting a vegetarian diet such as vitamin B12 and other vitamins and micronutrients. This concern is especially important in older adults, because nutrition deficiencies have been associated with higher risk of frailty (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.maturitas.org\/article\/S0378-5122(19)30565-1\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cruz-Jentoft AJ, 2020 <\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com\/article\/S0261-5614(20)30397-6\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rodr\u00edguez-Ma\u00f1as, 2021<\/a>). This finding was also supported by the <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_80438 classtoolTips80438'>EPIC<\/span>-Oxford cohort where vegan and vegetarians had higher risk of fractures than meat eaters (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7682057\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tong, 2020).<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet, no recent studies have examined the association between the quality of plant-based diets and risk of frailty in women aged \u226560 years. The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate the association between the quality of plant-based diet and the risk of frailty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-participants-consuming-healthy-plant-based-foods-have-an-overall-a-healthy-lifestyle\">Participants consuming healthy plant-based foods have an overall a healthy lifestyle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to reflect the quality of plant\u2010based diets, two separate plant-based diet indices have been developed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a healthful plant-based diet (hPDI) indice, characterized by healthy plant foods;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>an unhealthful plant-based diet (uPDI) indice, characterized by less healthy plant foods (see table 1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"height: 344px; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: ridge; border-color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 46px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 46px; text-align: center; border-style: ridge; border-color: #080707; background-color: #fc8f21;\"><strong>Food groups<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 46px; text-align: center; border-style: ridge; border-color: #080707; background-color: #fc8f21;\"><strong>Healthful plant-based diet indice<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 46px; text-align: center; border-style: ridge; border-color: #080707; background-color: #fc8f21;\"><strong>Unhealthful plant-based diet indice<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 133px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 133px; text-align: center; border-style: ridge; border-color: #080707;\">\n<p><strong>Whole grains, Fruits, Vegetables Nuts, Legumes, Vegetable oils and tea and coffee<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 133px; text-align: center; border-style: ridge; border-color: #080707;\">Positive score<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 133px; text-align: center; border-style: ridge; border-color: #080707;\">Reverse score<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 165px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 165px; text-align: center; border-style: ridge; border-color: #080707;\">\n<p><strong>Fruit juices, Refined grains, <\/strong><strong style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; color: initial;\">Potatoes, Sugar-sweetened beverages, Sweets, Desserts, Animal food groups<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 165px; text-align: center; border-style: ridge; border-color: #080707;\">Reverse score<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 165px; text-align: center; border-style: ridge; border-color: #080707;\">Positive score<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Table 1: Characterisation of healthful and unhealthful plant-based diet indices<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Compared with participants with the lowest score in the hPDI, those with a higher score were leaner, more active, less likely to smoke, had higher intake of healthy plant foods and lower intake of less healthy plant foods, and had a smaller number of frailty criteria at baseline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conversely, those with higher uPDI were also leaner but less active, more likely to smoke, and had higher intake of less healthy plant foods and lower of healthy plant foods and had a greater number of frailty criteria at baseline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-higher-adherence-to-a-healthy-plant-based-diet-was-associated-with-lower-risk-of-frailty\">A higher adherence to a healthy plant-based diet was associated with lower risk of frailty<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Following a healthful plant-based diet was inversely associated with the risk of frailty, with relative 19% lower risk of frailty for each 10-unit increment in the hPDI score. On the contrary, a positive association was found between adopting an unhealthy plant-based diet and the risk of frailty. Further adjustment for physical activity at baseline attenuated the association, but it was still significant. In sensitivity analyses, the associations remained similar among women without frailty criteria at baseline, and after excluding those with cancer, CVD and diabetes at baseline. Likewise, the association remained unchanged with several modifications of the plant-based diet (excluding fruit juices and scoring fish and dairy positively in the healthful plant-based diet).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These findings are in line with those already reported in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study (NHS) where the adherence to a Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, and the alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) was associated with 13%, 7% and 10% lower risk of frailty, respectively (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7138663\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Struijk, 2020a<\/a>), whereas higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with higher frailty risk <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7723265\/pdf\/pmed.1003453.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(Struijk, 2020b)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-not-all-diets-rich-in-plant-based-foods-are-necessarily-healthful\">Not all diets rich in plant-based foods are necessarily healthful<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The study supports the statement that plant-based diets are not all healthful as findings conclude that a plant-based diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and legumes was associated with lower risk of frailty, while the one characterized by higher amounts of juices, refined grains or sugar-sweetened beverages was linked to higher risk. The beneficial effect of hPDI on fraility could be explained by the presence of specific micronutrients such as antioxidants, unsaturated fatty acids, fibre, vitamins and minerals (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1050173818300240?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Satija, 2015 ;<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(17)32252-3\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dehghan, 2017<\/a>). In contrast, products found in uPDI (refined carbohydrates, sugar-sweetened beverages and processed meats) have pro-inflammatory effects (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7723265\/pdf\/pmed.1003453.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Struijk, 2020b<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Based on:<\/strong> Sotos-Prieto M, et al. Association between the quality of plant-based diets and risk of frailty. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022;13(6):2854-2862.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__stylized-list\">\n    <div class=\"block__stylized-list__leading\" id=\"block__stylized-list__leading\">\n        <i class=\"fa-classic fa-regular fa-pen-to-square\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n        <strong>Methodology<\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n    <div id=\"block__stylized-list__content\" style=\"display: none;\"><p>Prospective cohort including 82,234 women over 60 years old from the Nurses\u2019 Health Study in USA between 1990-2004<\/p>\n<p>Data :<\/p>\n<li>Dietary data: validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (every 4 years)<\/li>\n<li>Frailty incidence: defined as having 3 or more of the five criteria from the FRAIL scale (fatigue, low strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having\u22655 illnesses and weight loss\u22655%) (every 4 years)<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>The plant-based diet quality was assessed with two indices (range 18\u201390 points):<\/p>\n<li>healthful plant-based diet index,<\/li>\n<li>unhealthful plant-based diet index<\/li>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__solid-colored\">\n    <div class=\"block__solid-colored__leading\">\n        <i class=\"fa-classic fa-regular fa-square-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n        <strong>Key messages<\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"block__solid-colored__content\"><ul>\n<li>A healthful plant-based diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and legumes was associated with lower risk of frailty whereas an unhealthful plant-based diet characterised by higher amounts of juices, refined grains or sugar-sweetened beverage was associated with higher risk.<\/li>\n<li>Not all diets rich in plant-based foods are necessarily healthful.<\/li>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__reference\">\n    <div class=\"block__reference__leading\" id=\"block__reference__leading\">\n        <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share-from-square\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n        <strong>References<\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"block__reference__entries\" id=\"block__reference__entries\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Cruz-Jentoft AJ, et al. Nutritional strategies for maintaining muscle mass and strength from middle age to later life: a narrative review. Maturitas 2020;132:57-64<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Dehghan M, et al. Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2017;390:2050\u20132062.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Hemler EC, et al. Plant-based diets for personal, population, and planetary health. Adv Nutr 2019;10:S275\u2013S283<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Leon-Munoz LM, et al. Major dietary patterns and risk of frailty in older adults: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2015;13:11.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Rodr\u00edguez-Ma\u00f1as L, et al. Impact of nutritional status according to GLIM criteria on the risk of incident frailty and mortality in community-dwelling older adults. Clin Nutr 2021;40(3):1192-1198<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Satija A, et al. Plant-based diets and cardiovascular health. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2018 ;28(7):437-441.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Struijk EA, et al. Diet quality and risk of frailty among older women in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;111(4):877-883. <\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Struijk EA, et al. Sweetened beverages and risk of frailty among older women in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study: a cohort study. PLoS Med 2020;17(12):e100345. (b)<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Tong TYN, et al. Vegetarian and vegan diets and risks of total and site-specific fractures: results from the prospective <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_80438 classtoolTips80438'>EPIC<\/span>-Oxford study. BMC Med 2020;18(1):353.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-89006","article_revue","type-article_revue","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"auteur":"","source":"","revue":[{"ID":89111,"post_author":"25","post_date":"2023-01-27 09:12:53","post_date_gmt":"2023-01-27 08:12:53","post_content":"<!-- wp:image {\"id\":89131,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/edito-ok-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-89131\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/a> recalls, diets based mostly on plant foods provide both health and environmental benefits. This statement <strong>especially applies to diets that are diversified, rich in raw products<\/strong>, consisted mainly of whole grains, fruit and vegetables, legumes, and nuts. However, a plant-based diet is not necessarily healthy.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Based on 3 recent studies, this Global Fruit and Vegetables Newsletter shed light on this common misconception:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The first one is a systematic review of the literature that examined evidence regarding the <strong>influence of vegetarian diets<\/strong> (from [tooltips keyword=\"pesco-vegetarian\" content = \"excluding only meat\"] to [tooltips keyword=\"vegan\" content = \"excluding all animal products (meat, milk, eggs\u2026etc)\"]) <strong>during complementary feeding on child development and [tooltips keyword=\"health\" content = \"Growth, neurodevelopment, risk of stunting and overweight\/obesity.\"] in Western countries<\/strong>. <em>Simeone et al<\/em>. concluded that <strong>vegetarian diets should not be recommended during complementary feeding<\/strong> due to the <strong>risk of vitamin B12, [tooltips keyword=\"DHA\" content = \"Docosahexaenoic acid or DHA is a polyunsaturated fatty acid from the Omega-3 group.\"], and iron deficiencies<\/strong> that can alter the nervous system. However, the level of evidence in the studies included in this review was low to very low and most studies present major biases.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The second study investigated the <strong>association between the quality of a plant-based diet and the risk of frailty among women over 60 years of age<\/strong>. The quality was assessed using an index reflecting both [tooltips keyword=\"health-promoting\" content = \"Including fruits and vegetables, nuts, wholemgrain products, pulses, etc.\"] and [tooltips keyword=\"health-impairing\" content = \"Rich in fruit juices, sweetened beverages, refined cereals, potatoes and sweetened products\"] \u201cplant-based\u201d dimensions. A <strong>health-promoting plant-based diet was associated with a lower risk of frailty<\/strong> while a health-impairing one was associated with a higher risk of frailty.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In the final article based on a plenary lecture during the <em>Nutrition Society Summer Conference 2021<\/em>, J.I. Macdiarmid states that <strong>while reducing meat and dairy consumption is necessary for health and climate, modern [tooltips keyword=\"ultra-processed plant-based diets\" content = \"Rich in salt, sugar and energy\"]<\/strong> \u2013 notably popular among young people and recent vegetarians \u2013 <strong>are neither healthy nor sustainable<\/strong> and differ greatly from traditional plant-based diets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:acf\/unpictureable {\"name\":\"acf\/unpictureable\",\"data\":{\"title\":\"Author\",\"_title\":\"field_unpictureable_title\",\"authors_0_fully_name\":\"Julia Baudry\",\"_authors_0_fully_name\":\"field_unpictureable_author_fully_name\",\"authors_0_profession\":\"Nutrition Epidemiologist, INRAE\",\"_authors_0_profession\":\"field_unpictureable_author_profession\",\"authors\":1,\"_authors\":\"field_unpictureable_authors\"},\"align\":\"center\",\"mode\":\"auto\"} \/-->","post_title":"Does plant-based necessarily mean healthy and sustainable?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"does-plant-based-necessarily-mean-healthy-and-sustainable","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-10-24 17:25:37","post_modified_gmt":"2024-10-24 15:25:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=revue&#038;p=89111","menu_order":43,"post_type":"revue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"position":"2","references":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.6 (Yoast SEO v23.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Quality of plant-based diets and risk of fragilty<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Plant-based diets have recently gained attention due to their health effects in preventing non communicable diseases.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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