{"id":86008,"date":"2022-10-27T15:52:50","date_gmt":"2022-10-27T13:52:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=article_revue&#038;p=86008"},"modified":"2023-03-23T14:32:09","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T13:32:09","slug":"maternal-wic-participation-birth-and-neonatal-outcomes","status":"publish","type":"article_revue","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/global-fv-newsletter-article\/maternal-wic-participation-birth-and-neonatal-outcomes\/","title":{"rendered":"Association of Maternal WIC Participation with birth and neonatal outcomes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Article-2-ok.jpg\" alt=\"nourrisson allong\u00e9 qui joue dans sa chambre\" class=\"wp-image-86078\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In 2012, a report was published by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) that reviewed the results of studies on the impact of WIC on pregnant women from 2002 to 2010 (before the 2009 food package change). There was strong evidence of an association between participation in WIC program and improved birth outcomes, including preterm births. This previous report could not draw evidence on other maternal outcomes and child health.<\/strong> <strong>This systematic review explores whether WIC participation is associated with improved maternal, neonatal-birth, and infant\u2013child health outcomes. It is part of a larger evidence report commissioned by USDA to explore the most recent data on this subject<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-participation-in-the-wic-program-during-pregnancy-is-likely-associated-with-a-lower-risk-of-preterm-birth-low-birth-weight-and-infant-mortality\">Participation in the WIC program during pregnancy is likely associated with a lower risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and infant mortality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Out of nearly 5,000 publications, 20 observational studies were included for analysis. Some studies show that pregnant women participating in WIC appear to have a lower risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and infant mortality with moderate strength of evidence (SOE).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Maternal WIC participation and preterm birth :<\/strong><br>A nationwide cohort study conducted between 2011 and 2017 of nearly 11 150 000 mothers show that participation in the WIC program was associated with a lower likelihood of preterm birth and longer gestation (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31800070\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Soneji S, 2019<\/a>). Another cohort study and a cross-sectional study confirm these findings (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27531011\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fingar, 2017<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31260072\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hamad, 2019<\/a>).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Maternal WIC participation and infant low birthweight :<\/strong><br>The 5 studies reviewed on this subject all point in the same direction and show a lower probability of low birth weight when pregnant women benefit from the WIC program. For example, a retrospective cohort study conducted on nearly 240,000 women shows a lower risk of low birth weight for women benefiting from the WIC program compared to those who do not (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27531011\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fingar, 2017<\/a>).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Maternal WIC participation and infant mortality :<\/strong><br>New evidence shows that maternal WIC participation is likely to be associated with a lower risk for infant mortality, defined as death of a child younger than 1 year of age. For example, one large national cohort study using birth-certificate data (2011 to 2017; n= 11,148,261) reported lower adjusted odds (OR=0.84) of infant mortality for WIC live births (vs. eligible non-WIC live births) (adjusted OR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.83 to 0.86]) (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31800070\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Soneji, 2019)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this systematic review, no studies examined the association of WIC participation with maternal mortality nor direct evidence on maternal morbidity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A positive association between WIC and birth and neonatal outcomes was consistently found and supported by evidence. As preterm birth and low birth weight have important short- and long-term negative effects on infant and child health, this could have important health benefits on individual and more largely, on population, (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28477663\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nuyt, 2017<\/a>). Evidence also suggests that WIC participation may consequently reduce health care costs associated with low birth weight and preterm birth (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27531011\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fingar, 2017 <\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30998955\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nianogo, 2019<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-maternal-participation-in-the-wic-program-may-be-associated-with-a-lower-likelihood-of-inadequate-gestational-weight-gain\">Maternal participation in the WIC program may be associated with a lower likelihood of inadequate gestational weight gain<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>WIC participation was associated with lower likelihood of inadequate gestational weight gain (low SOE). WIC studies show that adverse birth outcomes could vary by race\/ethnicity with greater risk reduction for black women. More evidence is needed to evaluate whether WIC participation may provide differential benefits by race and ethnicity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, higher-quality evidence are further needed to confirm the association of WIC participation with maternal, infant, and child health outcomes. In addition, to improve the strength of available evidence in observational studies, stronger analytic methods should be used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__solid-colored\">\n    <div class=\"block__solid-colored__leading\">\n        <i class=\"fa-classic fa-regular fa-square-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n        <strong>Key messages<\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"block__solid-colored__content\"><ul>\n<li>Participation in WIC was likely associated with improved birth outcomes and lower infant mortality.<\/li>\n<li>This review highlights the need for higher-quality evidence on the association of maternal and child WIC participation with maternal, infant, and child health outcomes. Stronger analytic methods should be used in observational studies to improve the strength of available evidence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__stylized-list\">\n    <div class=\"block__stylized-list__leading\" id=\"block__stylized-list__leading\">\n        <i class=\"fa-classic fa-regular fa-pen-to-square\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n        <strong>Methodology<\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n    <div id=\"block__stylized-list__content\" style=\"display: none;\"><ul>\nBibliographic searches on PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, Scopus,PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1 January 2009 to 19 April 2022. <\/p>\n<p>Articles selection based on the PICOTS (population, intervention, comparator, outcomes, timing of out-comes measurement, and setting) framework. Included studies had a comparator of WIC-eligible non participants or comparison before and after the 2009 food package change.<br \/>\nPaired team members independently screened abstracts and full-text articles for eligibility, with differences resolved by consensus. <\/p>\n<p>Protocol registered on PROSPERO and the guidelines based on the AHRQ Methods Guide for Effectiveness and Comparative Effectiveness Reviews and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) are followed. We graded the strength of evidence (SOE).\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__reference\">\n    <div class=\"block__reference__leading\" id=\"block__reference__leading\">\n        <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share-from-square\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n        <strong>References<\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"block__reference__entries\" id=\"block__reference__entries\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Soneji S, Beltr\u00e1n-S\u00e1nchez H.Association of Special SupplementalNutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children with preterm birthand infant mortality. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2:e1916722. <\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Fingar KR, Lob SH, Dove MS, et al.Reassessing the association between WIC and birth outcomes using a fetuses-at-risk approach.Matern Child Health J. 2017;21:825-835.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Hamad R, Collin DF, Baer RJ, et al.Association of revised WIC food package with perinatal and birth outcomes: a quasi-experi-mental study. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173:845-852. <\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Rhee J, Fabian MP, Ettinger de Cuba S, et al. Effects of maternal homelessness, supplemental nutrition programs, and prenatalPM2.5 on birthweight. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Nuyt AM, Lavoie JC, Mohamed I, et al. Adult consequences ofextremely preterm birth: cardiovascular and metabolic diseases riskfactors, mechanisms, and prevention avenues. Clin Perinatol.2017;44:315-332.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Nianogo RA, Wang MC, Basurto-Davila R, et al. Economic eval-uation of California prenatal participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) to preventpreterm birth. Prev Med. 2019;124:42-49. <\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-86008","article_revue","type-article_revue","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"auteur":"","source":"","revue":[{"ID":86003,"post_author":"25","post_date":"2022-10-27 15:52:46","post_date_gmt":"2022-10-27 13:52:46","post_content":"<!-- wp:image {\"id\":86071,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Edito-ok.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-86071\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As the global community continued to grapple with COVID-19, the United States (US) faced additional complications unique to the nation. In addition to the continued pandemic, the US was dealt a major blow with a nationwide infant formula shortage. Resulting from Abbott Nutrition, a major US infant formula manufacturer having to shut down one of its plants, many families struggled to obtain formula for their infants due to the crisis.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Among the programs that provided steadfast support to participants despite emergency after emergency was the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Operating as a social safety net for US families, WIC has provided healthy food, breastfeeding support, referrals to health and social services, and nutrition education to income qualified families with nutritional needs for nearly 50 years. Administered by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), WIC serves over 6.3 million low-income women, infants, and children between the ages of 1 and 5. WIC is the nation\u2019s premier public health nutrition program.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>WIC agencies nationwide labored tirelessly as the pandemic continued to impact the country by implementing extended COVID-19 waivers for various aspects of the program including substitution flexibilities to the food package so that families could continue receiving benefits. Furthermore, WIC agencies vigorously advocated for their participants\u2019 access to infant formula, issued infant formula waivers, and provided referrals to help meet participant infant formula needs.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In the face of these challenges there were also victories. WIC participants now enjoy an increased value to the cash-value benefit (CVB) which is spent exclusively on vegetables and fruits. Made available during the pandemic, the CVB which offered $9 for children and $11 for pregnant, postpartum and breastfeeding women was increased to $24 for children, $43 for pregnant and postpartum women, and $47 for fully breastfeeing women thus bringing it into alignment with recommendations made in the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine's (NASEM) 2017 WIC food package report. Additionally, the WIC community anticipates USDA\u2019s release of an interim food package rule based on NASEM's report which will further strengthen the nutritional integrity of the program\u2019s food package.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The National WIC Association (NWA) played a critical role in leading advocacy efforts in all these areas. Whether the pandemic, a national infant formula shortage, increasing the value of the CVB, or urging USDA to drop an interim food package rule, NWA has relentlessly represented the WIC community and advocated for the health of the program\u2019s women, infants and children. As the non-profit education arm and advocacy voice of the WIC program, both the mothers and young children served by WIC, and the 12,000 service provider Agencies who are the front lines of WIC\u2019s public health nutrition services, NWA works to assure and support policies that improve infant, child and maternal health.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Therefore, we are pleased to share with you three research articles that demonstrate the positive impact that WIC has on participant health outcomes:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>SNAP and WIC Participation During Childhood and Food Security in Adulthood, 1984-2019<\/li><li>Objective and perceived barriers and facilitators of daily fruit and vegetable consumption among under-resources communities in Central Texas<\/li><li>Maternal, Infant, and Child Health Outcomes Associated with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:acf\/pictureable {\"name\":\"acf\/pictureable\",\"data\":{\"authors_0_fully_name\":\"Darlena Birch\",\"_authors_0_fully_name\":\"field_pictureable_author_fully_name\",\"authors_0_profession\":\"Senior manager, Public Health Nutrition\",\"_authors_0_profession\":\"field_pictureable_author_profession\",\"authors_0_information\":\" National WIC Association\",\"_authors_0_information\":\"field_pictureable_author_information\",\"authors_0_picture\":86004,\"_authors_0_picture\":\"field_pictureable_author_picture\",\"authors\":1,\"_authors\":\"field_pictureable_authors\"},\"align\":\"center\",\"mode\":\"auto\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:acf\/about {\"name\":\"acf\/about\",\"data\":{\"title\":\"About the author\",\"_title\":\"field_about_title\",\"content\":\"Darlena began her career in the WIC program at the local agency level. Working in a rural county of 8,600 residents on the Arizona-New Mexico border, she worked as the local agency's WIC director and Registered Dietitian before moving to the Arizona WIC state office in Phoenix. In a continuous effort to explore and expand her horizons, Darlena then moved from the West coast to the East coast where she worked as the Training Center Nutritionist with the Maryland WIC state office. Currently, Darlena is responsible for managing NWA\u2019s nutrition and breastfeeding activities which includes representing the Association on various committees both inside and outside the organization, developing public comments, participating in the Association\u2019s advocacy efforts, and assisting in the review of research\/studies as it relates to nutrition and breastfeeding.\",\"_content\":\"field_about_content\"},\"align\":\"center\",\"mode\":\"auto\"} \/-->","post_title":"WIC Program : almost 50 years of promoting the health of low-income families","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wic-program-50-years-of-promoting-the-health-of-low-income-families","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-10-24 17:24:05","post_modified_gmt":"2024-10-24 15:24:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=revue&#038;p=86003","menu_order":49,"post_type":"revue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"position":"2","references":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.6 (Yoast SEO v23.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Maternal WIC Participation, birth and neonatal outcomes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2012, a report was published by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) that reviewed the results of studies on the impact of WIC on pregnant women from 2002 to 2010.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/global-fv-newsletter-article\/maternal-wic-participation-birth-and-neonatal-outcomes\/\" \/>\n<meta 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