{"id":86002,"date":"2022-10-27T15:52:55","date_gmt":"2022-10-27T13:52:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=article_revue&p=86002"},"modified":"2023-03-23T14:32:06","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T13:32:06","slug":"impact-of-wic-participation-on-food-security-during-childhood","status":"publish","type":"article_revue","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/global-fv-newsletter-article\/impact-of-wic-participation-on-food-security-during-childhood\/","title":{"rendered":"Long-term impact of SNAP & WIC Participation on food security during childhood and adulthood"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"aliments<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Food insecurity is a global issue. In the United States, 10,5% of families suffer from food insecurity in 2020 (13,7 million households). This prevalence is higher y among households with children and continue to rising (14.8% in 2020 vs. 13.6% in 2019)<\/strong>. Numerous studies show that food insecurity is associated with negative health impacts (anxiety, depression, poorer quality of food, higher rates of diabetes and obesity, lower school performance) (Coleman-Jensen, 2019<\/a><\/strong>, Gundersen, 2014<\/a>).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the United States, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) are the two largest federal programs. The aim of these programmes is to improve nutrition and food security for low-income people. In 2019, more than half of all children born in the USA and one in nine Americans received WIC benefits. There is strong evidence that these programs improve food security status, but less is known about the longer-term effect.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, the objective of this study is to quantify the impact of participation in SNAP and\/or WIC programs during childhood on food security outcomes in adulthood among individuals who resided in low-income households during childhood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A combination of WIC and SNAP programs for the majority of individuals followed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nearly half of individuals were recipients of both WIC and SNAP. 32% of the panel received SNAP alone while only 5% received WIC alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Findings show that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • 28% had an improved food security status from childhood to adulthood<\/li>
  • 24.4% of the sample reported high food security in childhood and adulthood<\/li>
  • 32.6% experienced a deterioration in food security status.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"
    Figure : SNAP and WIC participation among individuals who received SNAP in childhoof (extract from the original paper)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

    Individuals who experienced food insecurity as adults were much more likely to have received SNAP at some point during childhood. They were also significantly more likely to have lower incomes and to be less educated, single, and unemployed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Children who received both SNAP and WIC benefits were 4.16 times more likely to improve their food security as adults<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    The predicted probabilities of becoming more food secure as an adult were 4 times higher in magnitude among those who received both SNAP and WIC and 3 times higher among those who received SNAP alone than among those who did not receive either during childhood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Participation in both SNAP and WIC together had an overall positive effect on FSS greater than participation in either program in isolation. Participation in WIC alone did not improve food security. This could be explained by the fact that participation to WIC is limited to pregnant women and children under age 5. WIC benefits are not intended to provide food for entire families, but when participants are also enrolled in SNAP, the effects of the two programs can be synergistic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Participation in social safety net programs such as SNAP and WIC during childhood helps to improve food security across the life course<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    The study highlights the need to continue to develop food aid programs for vulnerable households suffering from food insecurity as the results long-term effect in reducing food insecurity. However, even though these programs are useful, the subsidies do not allow a family to purchase enough healthy food for the entire month. This may change with the recent revisions to the Thrifty Food Plan, which increased benefits by an average of 27% over pre-pandemic levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Fruit and vegetable allowances in the WIC program also increased during the pandemic, which could also have a positive impact on food security and diet quality for participating children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Yet, policies are needed to improve access to programs, minimize barriers to enrollment, and ensure adequacy of benefits so that today’s children suffering from food insecurity can benefit from these important programs now and in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Based on<\/strong> : Insolera N, Cohen A, Wolfson JA. SNAP and WIC Participation During Childhood and Food Security in Adulthood, 1984-2019. Am J Public Health. 2022 Oct;112(10):1498-1506.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \n <\/i>\n Methodology<\/strong>\n <\/div>\n
      \n
    • Data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics were used from 1984 to 2019 with a panel follow-up of 1406 individuals from birth to adulthood (ages 20 to 36).<\/li>\n
    • Food insecurity was measured among individuals who lived in low-income families during childhood (1st measure in childhood from 1999 to 2003 and 2nd measure in adulthood from 2015 to 2019 among those who resided in low-income households during childhood).
      \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
      \n
      \n <\/i>\n Key messages<\/strong>\n <\/div>\n
        \n
      • Children who received both SNAP and WIC benefits were more likely to improve their food security as adults.<\/li>\n
      • Policies are needed to improve access to programs, minimize barriers to enrollment, and ensure adequacy of benefits so that today’s food insecure children can benefit from these important programs now and in the future.<\/li>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
        \n
        \n <\/i>\n References<\/strong>\n <\/div>\n
        \n
        \n <\/i>\n Coleman-Jensen A, Rabbitt MP, Gregory CA, Singh A. Household food security in the United States in 2019.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
        \n <\/i>\n Feeding America. Map the meal gap. Available at: http:\/\/map.feedingamerica.org. <\/span>\n <\/div>\n
        \n <\/i>\n Coleman-Jensen A, Rabbitt MP, Gregory CA, Singh A. Household food security in the United States in 2020.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
        \n <\/i>\n Gundersen C, Ziliak JP. Childhood food insecurity in the US: trends, causes, and policy options. Future Child. 2014;24(2):1\u201319. <\/span>\n <\/div>\n
        \n <\/i>\n US Department of Agriculture. Thrifty Food Plan. Available at: https:\/\/www.fns.usda.gov\/taxonomy\/term\/415. Acc <\/span>\n <\/div>\n
        \n <\/i>\n Congressional Research Service. The 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334): summary and side-by-side comparison. Available at: https:\/\/crsreports.congress.gov\/product\/pdf\/R\/R45525. <\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-86002","article_revue","type-article_revue","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"auteur":"","source":"","revue":[{"ID":86003,"post_author":"25","post_date":"2022-10-27 15:52:46","post_date_gmt":"2022-10-27 13:52:46","post_content":"\n
        \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        As the global community continued to grapple with COVID-19, the United States (US) faced additional complications unique to the nation. In addition to the continued pandemic, the US was dealt a major blow with a nationwide infant formula shortage. Resulting from Abbott Nutrition, a major US infant formula manufacturer having to shut down one of its plants, many families struggled to obtain formula for their infants due to the crisis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Among the programs that provided steadfast support to participants despite emergency after emergency was the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Operating as a social safety net for US families, WIC has provided healthy food, breastfeeding support, referrals to health and social services, and nutrition education to income qualified families with nutritional needs for nearly 50 years. Administered by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), WIC serves over 6.3 million low-income women, infants, and children between the ages of 1 and 5. WIC is the nation\u2019s premier public health nutrition program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        WIC agencies nationwide labored tirelessly as the pandemic continued to impact the country by implementing extended COVID-19 waivers for various aspects of the program including substitution flexibilities to the food package so that families could continue receiving benefits. Furthermore, WIC agencies vigorously advocated for their participants\u2019 access to infant formula, issued infant formula waivers, and provided referrals to help meet participant infant formula needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        In the face of these challenges there were also victories. WIC participants now enjoy an increased value to the cash-value benefit (CVB) which is spent exclusively on vegetables and fruits. Made available during the pandemic, the CVB which offered $9 for children and $11 for pregnant, postpartum and breastfeeding women was increased to $24 for children, $43 for pregnant and postpartum women, and $47 for fully breastfeeing women thus bringing it into alignment with recommendations made in the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine's (NASEM) 2017 WIC food package report. Additionally, the WIC community anticipates USDA\u2019s release of an interim food package rule based on NASEM's report which will further strengthen the nutritional integrity of the program\u2019s food package.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        The National WIC Association (NWA) played a critical role in leading advocacy efforts in all these areas. Whether the pandemic, a national infant formula shortage, increasing the value of the CVB, or urging USDA to drop an interim food package rule, NWA has relentlessly represented the WIC community and advocated for the health of the program\u2019s women, infants and children. As the non-profit education arm and advocacy voice of the WIC program, both the mothers and young children served by WIC, and the 12,000 service provider Agencies who are the front lines of WIC\u2019s public health nutrition services, NWA works to assure and support policies that improve infant, child and maternal health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Therefore, we are pleased to share with you three research articles that demonstrate the positive impact that WIC has on participant health outcomes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        • SNAP and WIC Participation During Childhood and Food Security in Adulthood, 1984-2019<\/li>
        • Objective and perceived barriers and facilitators of daily fruit and vegetable consumption among under-resources communities in Central Texas<\/li>
        • Maternal, Infant, and Child Health Outcomes Associated with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n","post_title":"WIC Program : almost 50 years of promoting the health of low-income families","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wic-program-50-years-of-promoting-the-health-of-low-income-families","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-10-24 17:24:05","post_modified_gmt":"2024-10-24 15:24:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=revue&p=86003","menu_order":49,"post_type":"revue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"position":"1","references":""},"yoast_head":"\nImpact of WIC Participation on food security during childhood<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Food insecurity is a global issue. 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