{"id":85693,"date":"2022-09-30T10:53:54","date_gmt":"2022-09-30T08:53:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=article_revue&p=85693"},"modified":"2023-03-23T14:32:43","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T13:32:43","slug":"positive-effects-of-consuming-more-fruit-and-vegetables-on-biodiversity","status":"publish","type":"article_revue","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/global-fv-newsletter-article\/positive-effects-of-consuming-more-fruit-and-vegetables-on-biodiversity\/","title":{"rendered":"Potential positive effects of consuming more vegetables on biodiversity and land use"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n Author(s)<\/strong>\n
\n
\n Henry Ferguson-Gow<\/strong>\n Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, UK<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
\n Patricia Eustachio Colombo<\/strong>\n Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England; and Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
\n <\/strong>\n <\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

According to several emerging studies, a shift toward a diet with more fruit and vegetables and less animal-derived protein\u2019s is not only associated with the reduction of mortality from cardiovascular diseases and some cancers (Yip, 2019) but also has benefits on the environment such as a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and land use (Eustachio, 2021). In fact, animal-derived foods require more land per kcal dietary energy produced than plant-based foods. For instance, in UK, 85% of the farmland is used to rear animals while animal-based products provide only 32% of dietary energy consumed. Replacing meat by fruit and vegetables could then reduce land use, on a per-kcal basis (De Ruiter, 2017). Global studies have shown that food systems changes could reverse the negative trends in biodiversity, on different environmental indicators (Lecl\u00e8re, 2020)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This study explores how biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation and public health can be enhanced in a politic way, at a national level in Great Britain. In order to meet the increased need for vegetables, authors examined two scenarios where land used for meat production is converted to horticultural production and natural land covers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Two scenarios and three example cases were considered to evaluate the potential impacts of land use shifts on biodiversity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In order to examine the potential impacts of land use shifts on biodiversity, two scenarios were created:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • A scenario of domestic production only (DO): which consists of expanding horticulture in Great Britain to meet all additional demand for vegetables. In this scenario, 5% of grazing land is converted to horticulture, and 18% to natural land cover.<\/li>
  • A scenario of domestic and import productions (DI): where current domestic production\/import ratios are maintained. In this scenario, 3% of grazing land is converted to horticulture, and 27% to natural land cover.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    A gain for biodiversity, with an increasing trend in the number of species gaining in average habitable area<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Across all Great Britain, the average habitable area of 814 species is estimated to be 28% of the land area where land use could change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    For each 10% of grazing land converted to horticulture, average habitable area decreases by 1 to 2%, while every 10% of grazing land converted to natural land cover leads to a 6% increase of average habitable area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    These results show that, on average, conversion of grazing to horticulture leads to a small loss of biodiversity but it is outweighed by the gains from converting the surplus grazing land to natural cover. All land conversion scenarios showed a potential gain of biodiversity, with more species gaining in average habitable area than losing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Indeed, for each specie losing >10% habitable area, approximately 6.3 and 9.8 species will gain >10% habitable area, with the DO and the DI scenario respectively. Land conversion scenarios show that maintaining the domestic production\/import ratio has larger benefits for biodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Climate change negative impacts on biodiversity could be mitigated by land use changes associated with dietary shifts from less meat to more vegetables<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Climate change has strong negative impacts on biodiversity. Indeed, when including climate change in the scenarios, the average habitable area dropped from 28% to 21%, and the number of species losing habitable area exceeded the number gaining habitable area: for each specie gaining >10% habitable area, 4.1 and 2 species will lose >10% habitable area, respectively under the DO and DI scenario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    These results show that climate change leads to a loss of habitable area larger than all the land conversion scenarios. Although, as shown in table 1, climate change impacts would be mitigated by land use changes associated with a dietary shift from less meat to more vegetable consumption. For example, with climate change, the average habitable area increases from 21% without land changes to 23% and 25% with the DO and DI scenario respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    Grazing land conversion scenario<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Average habitable area<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Number of species with >10% habitable area increase<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Number of species with >10% habitable area decrease<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    Baseline : no land conversion, without climate change<\/td>\n0,283<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Scenario DO, <\/strong>without climate change<\/td>\n0,319<\/td>\n485<\/td>\n78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Scenario DI, <\/strong>without climate change<\/td>\n0,343<\/td>\n599<\/td>\n63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    No land conversion, with climate change<\/td>\n0,205<\/td>\n23<\/td>\n649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Scenario DO, <\/strong>with climate change<\/td>\n0,233<\/td>\n125<\/td>\n485<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Scenario DI, <\/strong>with climate change<\/td>\n0,253<\/td>\n213<\/td>\n406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    <\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Table 1: Projected biodiversity responses to land use and climate change scenarios (Adapted from Ferguson-Gow et al., 2022)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    According to the method employed, the present study concludes that the best outcome for biodiversity in Great Britain is to maintain the domestic production\/import ratio (Scenario DI). However, the potential impact of diet changes beyond national borders was not considered in the study. Also, an association between land use changes and a shift toward healthier diets could have benefits for biodiversity and potentially increase resilience to climate change. The dietary energy equivalent replacement of meat with vegetables has the potential to reduce land use for agricultural production and freeing up land for other uses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Based on :<\/strong> Ferguson-Gow et al., Potential for positive biodiversity outcomes under diet-driven land use change in Great Britain. Wellcome Open Research 2022, 7, 147.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \n <\/i>\n Methodology<\/strong>\n <\/div>\n

    Species were defined by the UK Joint Nature Conservation Committee and represented within the priority species indicator and the pollinating insects indicator, bolstered by additional bee and hoverfly species. <\/p>\n

    Climate data came from bioclimatic variables obtained from CHELSA (Karger, 2017) to predict habitable suitability for the chosen species. Mean annual temperature, isothermality, mean annual precipitation and precipitation of the wettest month were used as predictors. <\/p>\n

    A two-stage modelling process was employed, first estimating the climatic envelope of each specie and then the effects of land use on species occurrence. <\/p>\n

    Impacts on biodiversity of land use change in scenarios were assessed with Species Distribution Models (SDMs) for 814 species in 4km2 grid cells across Great Britain. The data set used divides the UK into 2 x 2 km cells and describe the proportion of each cell that falls into 24 different land use classes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \n <\/i>\n Key messages<\/strong>\n <\/div>\n
      \n
    • There is a potential for gains to biodiversity: more species would increase their habitable area than species that would loss some<\/li>\n
    • Maintaining the domestic production\/import ratio is more effective than relying on local production.<\/li>\n
    • Negative climate change impacts on biodiversity could be mitigated by land use changes associated with dietary shifts<\/li>\n
        \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
        \n
        \n <\/i>\n References<\/strong>\n <\/div>\n
        \n
        \n <\/i>\n Yip CSC, et al. The Associations of Fruit and Vegetable Intakes with Burden of Diseases: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2019; 119(3): 464\u2013481.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
        \n <\/i>\n Eustachio Colombo P, et al.: Pathways to \u201c5-a-day\u201d: Modeling the health impacts and environmental footprints of meeting the target for fruit and vegetable intake in the United Kingdom. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021; 114(2): 530\u2013539<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
        \n <\/i>\n de Ruiter H, et al.: Total global agricultural land footprint associated with UK food supply 1986\u20132011. Global Environmental Change. 2017; 43: 72\u201381.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
        \n <\/i>\n Karger DN, et al.: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth\u2019s land surface areas. Sci Data. 2017; 4(1): 170122.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
        \n <\/i>\n Lecl\u00e8re D, et al.: Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy. Nature. 2020; 585(7826): 551\u2013556.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-85693","article_revue","type-article_revue","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"auteur":"","source":"","revue":[{"ID":85670,"post_author":"19","post_date":"2022-09-30 10:55:03","post_date_gmt":"2022-09-30 08:55:03","post_content":"\n
        \"Développement<\/figure>\n\n

        Si vous voulez participer \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer le changement climatique<\/strong>, \u00e0 favoriser une utilisation plus efficace de l'eau<\/strong> et \u00e0 renforcer la biodiversit\u00e9<\/strong>, mangez plus sainement en donnant plus de place aux fruits et l\u00e9gumes<\/strong> !<\/p>\n\n

        Les trois \u00e9tudes pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans ce num\u00e9ro montrent que c\u2019est possible. Reste \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent \u00e0 savoir comment g\u00e9n\u00e9raliser de telles exp\u00e9rimentations r\u00e9alis\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle nationale<\/strong>. Cependant, l'essence de ces \u00e9tudes pointe dans une direction prometteuse et claire.<\/p>\n\n

        Il reste r\u00e9galement une question qui pourrait para\u00eetre simple : Si ces \u00e9tudes sont fid\u00e8les \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, pourquoi l'humanit\u00e9 et les syst\u00e8mes alimentaires n\u2019\u00e9voluent-ils pas naturellement dans cette direction prometteuse ? Pourquoi les preuves scientifiques actuelles ne sont-elles pas le levier n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la transformation\u202f?<\/p>\n\n

        Il n'y a pas de r\u00e9ponse simple \u00e0 ces questions. En effet, les syst\u00e8mes alimentaires sont complexes et impliquent de nombreux moteurs. En tant que pr\u00e9sident d'une fondation soutenant la R&D pour la transformation des syst\u00e8mes alimentaires, et scientifique travaillant depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es au d\u00e9veloppement de cha\u00eenes de valeurs alimentaires v\u00e9g\u00e9tales durables, j\u2019identifie un aspect qui pourrait acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la transformation n\u00e9cessaire \u202f: \u00e9tudier et renforcer la cr\u00e9ation de valeur associ\u00e9e aux \u00e9volutions envisag\u00e9es.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

        Il est essentiel que l\u2019horticulture conserve son haut potentiel de cr\u00e9ation de valeur et son esprit de comp\u00e9tition entrepreneuriale.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

        Consid\u00e9rons d\u2019abord les trois \u00e9tudes mentionn\u00e9es ci-dessus\u202f:\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

        • L\u2019\u00e9tude de Trolle et Lassen \u00e9value la r\u00e9duction d\u2019empreinte carbone associ\u00e9e<\/strong> au passage des habitudes alimentaires des danois aux nouvelles recommandations de consommation alimentaires nationales<\/strong>, destin\u00e9es \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la sant\u00e9 et \u00e0 lutter contre le changement climatique. L\u2019utilisation de donn\u00e9es d\u2019analyse de cycle de vie issues de deux bases de donn\u00e9es montre que l\u2019\u00e9volution des habitudes alimentaires des danois permettrait de r\u00e9duire l\u2019empreinte carbone de leur alimentation de 31 \u00e0 43% selon la base de donn\u00e9es utilis\u00e9e.<\/li>
        • L\u2019article de Gallo \u00e9value l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 d\u2019un syst\u00e8me personnalis\u00e9 de recommandations de recettes pour r\u00e9duire l\u2019empreinte en eau de l\u2019alimentation <\/strong>des italiens. Le syst\u00e8me propos\u00e9 s\u2019appuie sur les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences individuelles pour recommander des recettes pr\u00e9sentant une empreinte eau plus basse et un meilleur \u00e9quilibre alimentaire.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>
        • Enfin, le travail de Ferguson-Gow et Colombo \u00e9value deux scenarios de changement d\u2019usage de terres agricoles destin\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9levage bovin<\/strong> pour permettre la production suffisante de l\u00e9gumes<\/strong> et couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal<\/strong>. Les r\u00e9sultats montrent que de tels scenarios repr\u00e9sentent un gain potentiel pour la biodiversit\u00e9 avec\u202f:\u00a0\u00a0- Plusieurs esp\u00e8ces gagnant en surface habitable moyenne,- Une att\u00e9nuation des impacts n\u00e9gatifs du changement climatique sur la biodiversit\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une \u00e9volution des habitudes alimentaire (r\u00e9duction des consommations de viande au profit des l\u00e9gumes).<\/li><\/ul>\n","post_title":"Diet and environmental impact: climate, water footprints, and biodiversity","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"diet-and-environmental-impact","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-06-27 17:11:40","post_modified_gmt":"2024-06-27 15:11:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=revue&p=85670","menu_order":52,"post_type":"revue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"position":"3","references":""},"yoast_head":"\nPositive effects of consuming more fruit and vegetables on biodiversity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Global studies have shown that food systems changes could reverse the negative trends in biodiversity, on different environmental indicators.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/global-fv-newsletter-article\/positive-effects-of-consuming-more-fruit-and-vegetables-on-biodiversity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Potential positive 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