{"id":84251,"date":"2022-06-22T10:14:12","date_gmt":"2022-06-22T08:14:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=article_revue&#038;p=84251"},"modified":"2023-03-23T14:33:59","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T13:33:59","slug":"dietary-habits-and-their-impact-in-cardiovascular-diseases-a-viewpoint-on-trends-in-europe","status":"publish","type":"article_revue","link":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/en\/global-fv-newsletter-article\/dietary-habits-and-their-impact-in-cardiovascular-diseases-a-viewpoint-on-trends-in-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"Dietary habits and their impact in cardiovascular diseases : a viewpoint on trends in Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Article-1-bandeau-ok.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-81553\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__unpictureable\">\n    <strong class=\"block__unpictureable__title\">Author(s)<\/strong>\n    <div class=\"block__unpictureable__items\">\n                    <div class=\"block__unpictureable__item\">\n                <strong>Gabriele Riccardi<\/strong>\n                <span>Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a global burden: they are the main cause of deaths in Europe with 45 % of all deaths (i.e, 4 million deaths by year) (Wilkins et al, 2017).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In 2016, more than 9.1 million premature deaths from CVD worldwide are attributable to diet-related risks (52% of all CVD deaths). In Europe, 2.1 million diet-related CVD deaths were reported in 2019. This highlights the key role of dietary patterns and food choices and the need to be optimized for health and well-being (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0140673616316798\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GBD 2017<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10654-018-0473-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Meier 2019<\/a>).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The aim of this viewpoint is to evaluate food choices of the European population and their temporal trends in relation to possible effects on the CVD risk.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cardiovascular-diseases-trends-change-and-progression\">Cardiovascular diseases : trends, change and progression<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>CVD mortality rates were highest at the beginning of the 21st century, with the greatest increases in Central and Eastern regions, and are now declining while remaining the leading cause of death in Europe. This is partly due to the prevention and treatment of the disease, and we observe downward trends in certain risk factors (alcohol consumption, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, etc.). On the other hand, other risk factors, in particular overweight\/obesity and diabetes, have increased by over 50% and 25% respectively during the last 10 years (<a href=\"https:\/\/researchportal.bath.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/european-cardiovascular-disease-statistics-2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wilkins et al, 2017<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-diet-a-major-contributor-to-cardiovascular-diseases\">Diet : a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Food choices are the most important factors undermining health and well-being, for as much as almost 50% of all CVD deaths. Research on the relationship between diet and cardiovascular health shows that excessive intake of energy, saturated fat, trans fat, sugar and salt, as well as a low consumption of vegetables, fruits, nuts and wholegrain are leading lifestyle-related cardiovascular risk factors and major reasons for concerns. Among them, food choices associated with the strongest relationship with CVD are low intakes of wholegrain, nuts and seeds, and fruit and an excessive salt consumption (cf. Table 1).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"164\" src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/en.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84258\"\/><figcaption>Table 1 : Food groups with a stronger impact on CVD burden in Europe <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10654-018-0473-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(Meier 2019)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-trends-of-dietary-habits-in-europe\">Trends of dietary habits in Europe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2000, WHO and <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_79592 classtoolTips79592'>FAO<\/span> organized a Joint Expert Consultation on Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, to undertake more effective and sustainable policies and strategies to deal with the increasing public health challenges related to diet and health (<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.fr\/books?hl=fr&amp;lr=&amp;id=S6YsDwAAQBAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA4&amp;ots=t9XNlsMHzg&amp;sig=KgDUA8riotQ3FeGDBltGAyLpgPg&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WHO\/<span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_79592 classtoolTips79592'>FAO<\/span>, 2003<\/a>). However, in the last decade, the trends of dietary habits in Europe are not reassuring, as only minor changes occurred, with shifts leading to unhealthy choices in some cases, thus interrupting the favorable trends observed up to the beginning of the new century (figure 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Fruit and vegetables:<\/strong> over the past 60 years, fruit consumption has increased substantially across Europe, in parallel with that of vegetables (availability of fruit and vegetable, respectively 30% and 20%; however, a slow decline has occurred in the last decade.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Wholegrain:<\/strong> the consumption is rather low, except for Northern countries. Despite a trend towards a greater intake in many European countries, it remains well below the recommended target of 50% of total cereal food consumption.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Energy and fat:<\/strong> the increase has begun already in the second half of the last century; a small decline has appeared in the last decade.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Salt and free sugars<\/strong>: the consumption still exceeds the intake recommended by WHO (5 g salt\/day and 5 to 10% energy for free sugars). Manufactured foods (baked goods, breakfast cereals, sugary drinks\u2026) brought a significant proportion of free sugars.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"537\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/photo.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84260\"\/><figcaption>Figure 1 : Trends of food available for consumption in Europe during the period 2000-2017 (extract of the original publication)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dietary-habits-in-europe-have-shifted-away-from-a-healthy-dietary-pattern\">Dietary habits in Europe have shifted away from a healthy dietary pattern<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>These data clearly show that dietary habits have drifted away from a healthy dietary pattern all over Europe. Mediterranean countries are particularly facing this trend because of the \u201cwesternization\u201d of their habitual diet following the process of globalization of food production and distribution, but also due to the increasing cost of many food items typical of the Mediterranean diet. This facilitates a shift towards less expensive, energy-dense foods with typically lower nutritional quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Based on<\/strong> : Riccardi G, Vitale M, Vaccaro O. Are Europeans moving towards dietary habits more suitable for reducing cardiovascular disease risk? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2020 Oct 30;30(11):1857-1860. doi: 10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.07.018. Epub 2020 Jul 23. PMID: 32912794.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__stylized-list\">\n    <div class=\"block__stylized-list__leading\" id=\"block__stylized-list__leading\">\n        <i class=\"fa-classic fa-regular fa-pen-to-square\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n        <strong>Methodology<\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n    <div id=\"block__stylized-list__content\" style=\"display: none;\"><ul>\n<li>The figure 1 reports the foods available for consumption in Europe (28 countries) from the beginning of this century up to the most recent information available.<\/li>\n<li>For each food group, the average consumption was calculated for a three-year period.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__solid-colored\">\n    <div class=\"block__solid-colored__leading\">\n        <i class=\"fa-classic fa-regular fa-square-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n        <strong>Key messages<\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"block__solid-colored__content\"><ul>\n<li>A balanced diet rich in fruit, vegetables, wholegrains, nuts, and seeds, and low in salt and free sugars is a potential key lever to reduce cardiovascular risk.<\/li>\n<li>Policies to increase consumption of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, are needed to prevent cardiovascular disease.<\/li>\n<li>There is urgent need for an appropriate strategy to improve the nutrition skills of health professionals, particularly in primary care. <\/li>\n<li>Policy options should necessarily include initiatives to facilitate production, marketing, availability, and affordability of healthy foods in each and every European country.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block__reference\">\n    <div class=\"block__reference__leading\" id=\"block__reference__leading\">\n        <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share-from-square\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n        <strong>References<\/strong>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"block__reference__entries\" id=\"block__reference__entries\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Wilkins E et al. European Heart Network, 2017.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. Lancet 2018; 392:1923-94<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Meier T et al. Eur J Epidemiol 2019; 34:37-55.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"block__reference__entry\">\n                <i class=\"fa-classic fa-solid fa-share\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                <span>Report of a Joint WHO\/<span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_79592 classtoolTips79592'>FAO<\/span> Expert Consultation. 2003.<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-84251","article_revue","type-article_revue","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"auteur":"","source":"","revue":[{"ID":81658,"post_author":"25","post_date":"2022-04-01 18:01:41","post_date_gmt":"2022-04-01 16:01:41","post_content":"<!-- wp:image {\"id\":81429,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Bandeau-tendances-MAJ-bis.jpg\" alt=\"Burger vegan - tendances alimentaires - Equation Nutrition - Aprifel\" class=\"wp-image-81429\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Since the 1980s, there has been a proliferation in the availability of inexpensive and highly palatable foods, leading to a shift in the overall healthfulness of population diets. Despite decades of global efforts to align dietary behaviours with national and international recommendations, a poor diet remains one of the leading risk factors for ill-health, including dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, several types of cancer, and psychological illnesses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Research endeavors have focused on characterizing dietary trends across the lifespan and globally, as well as investigating associations with disease risk.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>In the viewpoint by Riccardi et al. (2020), authors synthesized a body of evidence, concluding that unfavourable changes in dietary behaviours among Europeans were associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk.<\/li><li>In the study by Bu et al. (2021), summarized by Costa, a similar shift in dietary patterns and diet-related behaviours was observed among the Chinese population, with an increased preference for consuming both carbohydrate-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, and energy-dense foods such as meat, snacks, and beverages.<\/li><li>Both studies by Liu et al. (2021) and Yu et al. (2021), reported by Chans\u00e9aume-Bussiere, examined trends in food sources and diet quality among children and adults between 1999 and 2018 in the United States. It was determined through dietary indices, namely the American Heart Association diet score and\/or the Healthy Eating Index 2015, that diet quality of foods (meals, snacks, and beverages) consumed at schools significantly improved, without population disparities. This finding contrasted with observed disparities for food consumed from grocery stores, particularly that poor diet quality decreased in only high-income (vs low-income) households.<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trends that are aligned with a Western style diet high in fat and animal-based foods have been emerging over the past few decades. Collectively, these studies underscore the importance of system level interventions to improve population adherence to dietary guidelines and recommendations and reduce health disparities, which can help to increase healthy life expectancy.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:acf\/pictureable {\"id\":\"block_62b232770d10d\",\"name\":\"acf\/pictureable\",\"data\":{\"authors_0_fully_name\":\"Maryam Kebbe\",\"_authors_0_fully_name\":\"field_pictureable_author_fully_name\",\"authors_0_profession\":\"PhD, CIHR Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States \",\"_authors_0_profession\":\"field_pictureable_author_profession\",\"authors_0_information\":\"\",\"_authors_0_information\":\"field_pictureable_author_information\",\"authors_0_picture\":81385,\"_authors_0_picture\":\"field_pictureable_author_picture\",\"authors\":1,\"_authors\":\"field_pictureable_authors\"},\"align\":\"center\",\"mode\":\"auto\"} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:acf\/about {\"id\":\"block_62b233780d10e\",\"name\":\"acf\/about\",\"data\":{\"title\":\"About the author\",\"_title\":\"field_about_title\",\"content\":\"Dr. Maryam Kebbe received her PhD in Medical Sciences from the University of Alberta\u2019s Department of Pediatrics (Edmonton, Alberta) in 2019. She completed postdoctoral training in the Medical Sciences Division at the University of Oxford (Oxford, United Kingdom) and is currently a CIHR Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Reproductive Endocrinology \\u0026 Women's Health Laboratory at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center (Baton Rouge, Louisiana). Dr. Kebbe established her roots as a nutrition and behaviour scientist and innovated solutions within clinical settings to manage obesity, from infancy through adulthood. Drawing in part on her nutrition training, Dr. Kebbe's niche targets developmental origins of obesity by studying the breastmilk and infant gut microbiomes, with a particular focus on nutritional, immunomodulatory, inflammatory, metabolic, and endocrine mechanisms. Dr. Kebbe hopes to develop and implement novel, effective, and sustainable nutrition and microbiome-based interventions to prevent obesity in infants and children.  \",\"_content\":\"field_about_content\"},\"align\":\"center\",\"mode\":\"auto\"} \/-->","post_title":"71 - March 2022","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"food-trends-in-the-us-europe-and-china","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-10-24 17:18:10","post_modified_gmt":"2024-10-24 15:18:10","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/aprifel-pp.mentalworks.biz\/?post_type=revue&#038;p=81658","menu_order":63,"post_type":"revue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"position":"1","references":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.6 (Yoast SEO v23.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Dietary habits and their impact in 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